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arXiv:quant-ph/0306062 · Physical Review Letters

Mode-Locked Two-Photon States

Y. J. Lu, R. L. Campbell, Z. Y. Ou

Published Oct 17, 2003• 79 citations
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Abstract

The concept of mode locking in laser is applied to a two-photon state with frequency entanglement. Cavity enhanced parametric down conversion is found to produce exactly such a state. The mode-locked two-photon state exhibits a comblike correlation function. An unbalanced Hong-Ou-Mandel type interferometer is used to measure the correlation function. A revival of the typical interference dip is observed. We will discuss a scheme for engineering of quantum states in time domain.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.91.163602

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The concept of mode locking in laser is applied to a two-photon state with frequency entanglement. Cavity enhanced parametric down conversion is found to produce exactly such a state. The mode-locked two-photon state exhibits a comblike correlation function. An unbalanced Hong-Ou-Mandel type interferometer is used to measure the correlation function. A revival of the typical interference dip is observed. We will discuss a scheme for engineering of quantum states in time domain.
Cavity-enhanced single photon sources exhibit mode-locked biphoton states with comblike correlation functions. Our ultrabright source additionally emits single photon pairs as well as two-photon NOON states, dividing the output into an even and an odd comb, respectively. With even-comb photons we demonstrate revivals of the typical nonclassical Hong-Ou-Mandel interference up to the 84th dip, corresponding to a path length difference exceeding 100 m. With odd-comb photons we observe single photon interference fringes modulated over twice the displacement range of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.
Application of quantum sources in communication and information processing are believed to bring a new revolution to the on-going information age. The generation of applicable quantum sources such as single photon state and two-photon state, appears to be one of the most difficult in experimental quantum optics. Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion (PDC) is known to generate two-photon state, but bandwidth problem makes it less applicable in quantum information processing. The aim of this work is to generate a narrow band two-photon state and apply it to quantum information processing. We start by developing a cavity enhanced PDC device to narrow the bandwidth of the two-photon state. Direct measurement of the bandwidth of the generated state has been made and the quantum theory of such a device has been investigated. An application of this narrow band two-photon state is to generate anti-bunched photons for quantum cryptography, based on the quantum interference between the two-photon state and a coherent state. The feasibility of this scheme for pulsed pump is also investigated. When applying the concept of mode locking in lasers to a two-photon state, we have mode-locked two-photon state which exhibits a comb-like correlation function and may be used for engineering of quantum states in time domain. Other applications such as demonstration of single photon nonlocality, nonlinear sign gate in quantum computation, and direct measurement of quantum beating, will also be addressed.
In this theoretical study, we demonstrate that entangled states are able to significantly extend the functionality of Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometers. By generating a coherent superposition of parametric-down-conversion photons and spatial entanglement in the input channel, the coincidence probability measured at the output changes from a typical HOM-type dip (photon bunching) into much richer patterns, including an antibunching peak and rapid oscillation fringes with twice the optical frequency. The considered system should be realizable on a single chip using current waveguide technology in the LiNbO3{\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}LiNbO3​ platform.
We report the generation of polarization-entangled photons by cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The bandwidth of entangled photons is reduced to that of the optical parometric oscillator and the conversion rate is enhanced by cavity. The time interval between the conjugate two photon is prolongated so that it can be directly measured by a common detector. The time correlation function of the entangled-photons pair shows a time-oscillatory characteristic. To demonstrate the entanglement, we experimentally obtain two-photon quantum interference for the polarization variable.