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arXiv:1706.02871 · Physical Review A

Modified two-photon interference achieved by the manipulation of entanglement

Polina R. Sharapova, Kai-Hong Luo, H. Herrmann, Matthias Reichelt, Christine Silberhorn, T. Meier

Published Oct 25, 2017• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this theoretical study, we demonstrate that entangled states are able to significantly extend the functionality of Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometers. By generating a coherent superposition of parametric-down-conversion photons and spatial entanglement in the input channel, the coincidence probability measured at the output changes from a typical HOM-type dip (photon bunching) into much richer patterns, including an antibunching peak and rapid oscillation fringes with twice the optical frequency. The considered system should be realizable on a single chip using current waveguide technology in the ${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$ platform.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.96.043857

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Abstract Over the last several decades, quantum entanglement has been intensively studied for potential applications in quantum information science. The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) dip is the most important test tool for direct proof of entanglement between paired photons, whose coincidence detection results in anticorrelation due to photon bunching on a beam splitter. Although anticorrelation is due to destructive quantum interference between paired photons, a wavelength-sensitive interference fringe has never been observed in any HOM-type experiments. Here, a typical HOM dip is investigated for entangled photon pairs generated by parametric down conversion processes (SPDC) to understand fundamental physics of anticorrelation. In addition, a pure coherence optics-based Hong-Ou-Mandel scheme is proposed and analyzed for general understanding of anticorrelation in an interferometric system. This study sheds light on deterministic quantum correlation control and opens the door to potential applications of on-demand quantum information science.
Abstract The Hong−Ou−Mandel (HOM) effect was long believed to be a two-photon interference phenomenon. It describes the fact that two indistinguishable photons mixed at a beam splitter will bunch together to one of the two output modes. Considering the two single-photon emitters such as trapped ions, we explore a hidden scenario of the HOM effect, where entanglement can be generated between the two ions when a single photon is detected by one of the detectors. A second photon emitted by the entangled photon sources will be subsequently detected by the same detector. However, we can also control the fate of the second photon by manipulating the entangled state. Instead of two-photon interference, the phase of the entangled state is responsible for the photon’s path in our proposal. Toward a feasible experimental realization, we conduct a quantum jump simulation on the system to show its robustness against experimental errors.
We investigate the two-photon scattering properties of a Jaynes-Cummings (JC) nonlinearity consisting of a two-level system (qubit) interacting with a single-mode cavity, which is coupled to two waveguides, each containing a single incident photon wave packet initially. In this scattering setup, we study the interplay between the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect arising due to quantum interference and effective photon-photon interactions induced by the presence of the qubit. We calculate the two-photon scattering matrix of this system analytically and identify signatures of interference and interaction in the second-order auto- and cross-correlation functions of the scattered photons. In the dispersive regime, when qubit and cavity are far detuned from each other, we find that the JC nonlinearity can be used as an almost linear, in situ tunable beam splitter giving rise to ideal Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, generating a highly path-entangled two-photon NOON state of the scattered photons. The latter manifests itself in strongly suppressed waveguide cross-correlations and Poissonian photon number statistics in each waveguide. If the two-level system and the cavity are on resonance, the JC nonlinearity strongly modifies the ideal HOM conditions leading to a smaller degree of path entanglement and sub-Poissonian photon number statistics. In the latter regime, we find that photon blockade is associated with bunched autocorrelations in both waveguides, while a two-polariton resonance can lead to bunched as well as antibunched correlations.
The modification by noninertial motion of the photon bunching properties of an entangled biphoton state is demonstrated. Sagnac interferometers are added to both arms of a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer that is mounted on a mechanically rotating platform. As the platform rotation speed is increased, HOM interference dips transform into HOM interference peaks, indicating that the entangled photons pass from perfectly indistinguishable bunching (bosonic behavior) to perfectly distinguishable antibunching (fermionic behavior).