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arXiv:2007.10056 · Quantum Science and Technology

Spatial entanglement and state engineering via four-photon Hong–Ou–Mandel interference

Alessandro Ferreri, Vahid Ansari, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn, Polina R. Sharapova

Published Sep 1, 2020• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract The phenomenon of entanglement is the basis of quantum information and quantum communication processes. Entangled systems with a large number of photons are of great interest at present because they provide a platform for streaming technologies based on photonics. In this paper we present a device which operates with four-photons and based on the Hong–Ou–Mandel interference. The presented device allows to maximize the degree of spatial entanglement and generate the highly entangled four-dimensional Bell states. Furthermore, the use of the interferometer in different regimes leads to fast interference fringes in the coincidence probability with period of oscillations twice smaller than the pump wavelength. We have a good agreement between theoretical simulations and experimental results.

DOI
10.1088/2058-9565/abb411

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In this theoretical study, we demonstrate that entangled states are able to significantly extend the functionality of Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometers. By generating a coherent superposition of parametric-down-conversion photons and spatial entanglement in the input channel, the coincidence probability measured at the output changes from a typical HOM-type dip (photon bunching) into much richer patterns, including an antibunching peak and rapid oscillation fringes with twice the optical frequency. The considered system should be realizable on a single chip using current waveguide technology in the LiNbO3{\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}LiNbO3​ platform.
Abstract High-dimensional quantum entanglement is currently one of the most prolific fields in quantum information processing due to its high information capacity and error resilience. A versatile method for harnessing high-dimensional entanglement has long been hailed as an absolute necessity in the exploration of quantum science and technologies. Here we exploit Hong-Ou-Mandel interference to manipulate discrete frequency entanglement in arbitrary-dimensional Hilbert space. The generation and characterization of two-, four- and six-dimensional frequency entangled qudits are theoretically and experimentally investigated, allowing for the estimation of entanglement dimensionality in the whole state space. Additionally, our strategy can be generalized to engineer higher-dimensional entanglement in other photonic degrees of freedom. Our results may provide a more comprehensive understanding of frequency shaping and interference phenomena, and pave the way to more complex high-dimensional quantum information processing protocols.
Hong-Ou-Mandel effect lies in the heart of quantum interferometry, having multiple applications in the field of quantum information processing and no classical counterpart. Despite its popularity, only few works have considered polarization-frequency interaction, i.e., noise, within the interferometer. In this paper, we fill this gap. Our system of interest consists of a general biphoton polarization state that becomes entangled with the same photons' frequency degrees of freedom as the photons propagate through birefringent media. The photons then meet at a beam splitter, where either coincidence or bunching occurs, after which the polarization-frequency interaction continues on the output paths. Alongside performing extensive theoretical analysis on the coincidence probability and different polarization states, we outline multiple interesting applications that range from constructing Bell states to an alternative delayed choice quantum eraser.
Quantum interference, like Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, has played an important role to test fundamental concepts in quantum physics. We experimentally show that the multiple quantum interference effects enable the generation of high-performance polarization entangled photons. These photons have a high-emission rate, are degenerate, have a broadband distribution, and are postselection free. A quantum interferometric scheme, based on a round-trip configuration of a double-pass polarization Sagnac interferometer, makes it possible to use the large generation efficiency of polarization entangled photons in the process of parametric down-conversion and to separate degenerate photon pairs into different optical modes with no requirement of postselection. We demonstrate experimentally that multiple quantum interference is not only an interesting fundamental quantum optical phenomenon but can be used for novel photonic quantum information technologies.
Many protocols in quantum science, for example, linear optical quantum computing, require access to large-scale entangled quantum states. Such systems can be realized through many-particle qubits, but this approach often suffers from scalability problems. An alternative strategy is to consider a lesser number of particles that exist in high-dimensional states. The spatial modes of light are one such candidate that provides access to high-dimensional quantum states, and thus they increase the storage and processing potential of quantum information systems. We demonstrate the controlled engineering of two-photon high-dimensional states entangled in their orbital angular momentum through Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. We prepare a large range of high-dimensional entangled states and implement precise quantum state filtering. We characterize the full quantum state before and after the filter, and are thus able to determine that only the antisymmetric component of the initial state remains. This work paves the way for high-dimensional processing and communication of multiphoton quantum states, for example, in teleportation beyond qubits.