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arXiv:1806.00013 · Physical Review Letters

Hectometer Revivals of Quantum Interference

Markus Rambach, W. Y. Sarah Lau, Simon Laibacher, Vincenzo Tamma, Andrew G. White, Till J. Weinhold

Published Aug 30, 2018• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Cavity-enhanced single photon sources exhibit mode-locked biphoton states with comblike correlation functions. Our ultrabright source additionally emits single photon pairs as well as two-photon NOON states, dividing the output into an even and an odd comb, respectively. With even-comb photons we demonstrate revivals of the typical nonclassical Hong-Ou-Mandel interference up to the 84th dip, corresponding to a path length difference exceeding 100 m. With odd-comb photons we observe single photon interference fringes modulated over twice the displacement range of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.121.093603

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Cavity-enhanced single photon sources exhibit mode-locked biphoton states with comblike correlation functions. Our ultrabright source additionally emits single photon pairs as well as two-photon NOON states, dividing the output into an even and an odd comb, respectively. With even-comb photons we demonstrate revivals of the typical nonclassical Hong-Ou-Mandel interference up to the 84th dip, corresponding to a path length difference exceeding 100 m. With odd-comb photons we observe single photon interference fringes modulated over twice the displacement range of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.
The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is the most famous signature of nonclassical interference. This inherently quantum effect has a vast amount of applications including photonic entangling gates, measurement processes and femtosecond spectroscopy and its sensitivity to distinguishability can be exploited as a precise sensor for phase shifts or temporal and spatial displacements. Traditional single photon sources exhibit a single dip with a width on the order of millimetres to centimetres, however, the possibility to significantly extend this distance opens up new applications in both metrology and quantum networks.
The Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer is a versatile tool for analyzing the joint properties of photon pairs, relying on a truly quantum interference effect between two-photon probability amplitudes. While the theory behind this form of two-photon interferometry is well established, the development of advanced photon sources and exotic two-photon states has highlighted the importance of quantifying precisely what information can and cannot be inferred from features in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference trace. Here we examine Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with regard to a particular class of states, so-called quantum frequency combs, and place special emphasis on the role spectral phase plays in these measurements. We find that this form of two-photon interferometry is insensitive to the relative phase between different comb line pairs. This is true even when different comb line pairs are mutually coherent at the input of a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer and the fringe patterns display sharp temporal features. Consequently, Hong-Ou-Mandel interference cannot speak to the presence of high-dimensional frequency-bin entanglement in two-photon quantum frequency combs.
We demonstrate full selective control over the constructive or destructive character of fourth-order recurrent interferences in a modified version of a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer using comblike two-photon states. The comb spectral/temporal structure is obtained by inserting an etalon cavity in the signal path of an entangled photon pair obtained by pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Both a simple qualitative discussion and a complete theoretical derivation are used to explain and analyze the experimental data.