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arXiv:quant-ph/0109090 · Physical Review A

Resonant and off-resonant transients in electromagnetically induced transparency: Turn-on and turn-off dynamics

Andrew D. Greentree, T. B. Smith, S.R. de Echaniz, Alan V. Durrant, J. P. Marangos, D. M. Segal, Joan A. Vaccaro

Published Apr 15, 2002• 57 citations
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Abstract

This paper presents a wide-ranging theoretical and experimental study of nonadiabatic transient phenomena in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ electromagnetically induced transparency system when a strong coupling field is rapidly switched on or off. The theoretical treatment uses a Laplace transform approach to solve the time-dependent density matrix equation. The experiments are carried out in a ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ magneto-optical trap. The results show transient probe gain in parameter regions not previously studied, and provide insight into the transition dynamics between bare and dressed states.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.65.053802

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This paper presents a wide-ranging theoretical and experimental study of nonadiabatic transient phenomena in a \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ electromagnetically induced transparency system when a strong coupling field is rapidly switched on or off. The theoretical treatment uses a Laplace transform approach to solve the time-dependent density matrix equation. The experiments are carried out in a 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb magneto-optical trap. The results show transient probe gain in parameter regions not previously studied, and provide insight into the transition dynamics between bare and dressed states.
Observation of transient effects in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is reported in Rb85{\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}Rb85 cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The transmission of a weak probe beam in resonance with the 5S1/2(F=3){5S}_{1/2}(F=3)5S1/2​(F=3) to 5P3/2(F=3){5P}_{3/2}(F=3)5P3/2​(F=3) hyperfine transition increased transiently when a relatively strong coupling field in resonance with the 5S1/2(F=2){5S}_{1/2}(F=2)5S1/2​(F=2) to 5P3/2(F=3){5P}_{3/2}(F=3)5P3/2​(F=3) hyperfine transition was switched on rapidly using a Pockels cell. The probe transient showed an initial Rabi half-cycle overshoot before settling down to steady-state EIT. The results agreed well with computations using a three-state model of the \ensuremath{\Lambda} system. The computations also suggest that transient gain should be observed with coupling field power only four times larger than that presently available to us.
Summary form only given. Many studies have been made of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and probe gain under steady-state conditions. We have carried out experimental studies of transient effects in rubidium lambda systems in the non-adiabatic regime where the coupling field is rapidly switched on using a Pockels cell in a time that is short compared with transient time scales. Our preliminary work has confirmed predictions that the steady-state EIT is approached through damped oscillations characterised by the coupling field Rabi frequency /spl Omega//sub c/ and the spontaneous decay rate /spl Gamma/. We report results of our recent investigations into the effects of strong coupling fields conducted in several different lambda schemes in the rubidium 5S/sub 1/2/-5P/sub 3/2/ hyperfine levels in a magnetooptical trap. We also studied the effects of the initial conditions of population and optical coherence, probe absorption on uncoupled Zeeman transitions, and incoherent pumping.
A theoretical study of the time-dependent probe response of a single electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) window to double EIT windows is presented by numerically solving the equations of motion of the density matrix in a quasi-A-four-level configuration.There is a coherent transient process with high quantum beats.This effect can be explained using the dressed state formalism.The quantum beats result from quantum coherence effect between the levels driven by RF field.The results show that when the probe field is on resonance with a bare-state transition,the beat frequency is one-half of RF Rabi frequency in transient absorption response.While the probe field is on resonance with a dressed-state transition,which results from the atom system interaction with strong RF field,the beat frequency equals the RF Rabi frequency in transient absorption response.
We report the experimental observation of transient dynamics in the weak probe coherence under electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in hot Rb atoms with a buffer gas. By modulating the control beam in a non-adiabatic fashion, we have examined the corresponding changes in probe transparency. Upon switching the control beam on, the system evolves through multiple dynamical processes before reaching steady-state transparency. We have decoded each of those dynamical processes region by region and notably observed two-photon damped Rabi oscillations, Raman gain, and direct dark state rotation during this evolution. For the theoretical insight, we have numerically solved the time-dependent density matrix elements for a Λ system, incorporating the buffer gas effects phenomenologically into these equations. Our findings provide a detailed understanding of transient and steady-state dynamics in EIT systems, highlighting the interplay between coherent and incoherent processes and the role of the buffer gas in modulating the evolution. The buffer medium extended relevant timescales, thus enhancing the coherence and stability of the atomic system, which are key factors for practical implementations in precision metrology and quantum optics.
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) has proven to be an invaluable resource for numerous applications in quantum technology, specifically in quantum memories, quantum repeaters, and quantum sensors. EIT also has significant applications in fundamental physics and nonlinear optics. Given that EIT is a foundational component of future quantum technology, a comprehensive understanding of its parameters is essential for the development of future devices. This thesis focuses on the transient dynamics of EIT, specifically examining oscillations in the absorption of the Probe Field (PF) as a means to determine the decoherence of the ground states. Transient EIT has been explored in previous theoretical and experimental studies across various systems, including Cold Atoms (CAs) and hot vapor media. Here, transient EIT is studied theoretically, numerically, and experimentally. Parameter exploration has been conducted to understand the effects of different parameters on the transient behavior of EIT and to identify which decoherence mechanisms have the most significant impact on the quality of EIT. Experimentally, we explored a hot atomic vapour of, naturally abundant Rubidium (Rb) atoms. Additionally, progress towards constructing a CAs system, using a Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) from scratch was made, opening the door to future studies of this system.