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Non-adiabatic resonant transient response in electromagnetically induced transparency of hot rubidium atoms with a buffer gas background

Priyabrata Seth, Nawaz Sarif Mallick, Sankar De, Dipankar Bhattacharyya

Published Aug 5, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the experimental observation of transient dynamics in the weak probe coherence under electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in hot Rb atoms with a buffer gas. By modulating the control beam in a non-adiabatic fashion, we have examined the corresponding changes in probe transparency. Upon switching the control beam on, the system evolves through multiple dynamical processes before reaching steady-state transparency. We have decoded each of those dynamical processes region by region and notably observed two-photon damped Rabi oscillations, Raman gain, and direct dark state rotation during this evolution. For the theoretical insight, we have numerically solved the time-dependent density matrix elements for a Λ system, incorporating the buffer gas effects phenomenologically into these equations. Our findings provide a detailed understanding of transient and steady-state dynamics in EIT systems, highlighting the interplay between coherent and incoherent processes and the role of the buffer gas in modulating the evolution. The buffer medium extended relevant timescales, thus enhancing the coherence and stability of the atomic system, which are key factors for practical implementations in precision metrology and quantum optics.

DOI
10.1116/5.0266329

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Dec 29, 2008•0 citations
We report the experimental observation of transient dynamics in the weak probe coherence under electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in hot Rb atoms with a buffer gas. By modulating the control beam in a non-adiabatic fashion, we have examined the corresponding changes in probe transparency. Upon switching the control beam on, the system evolves through multiple dynamical processes before reaching steady-state transparency. We have decoded each of those dynamical processes region by region and notably observed two-photon damped Rabi oscillations, Raman gain, and direct dark state rotation during this evolution. For the theoretical insight, we have numerically solved the time-dependent density matrix elements for a Λ system, incorporating the buffer gas effects phenomenologically into these equations. Our findings provide a detailed understanding of transient and steady-state dynamics in EIT systems, highlighting the interplay between coherent and incoherent processes and the role of the buffer gas in modulating the evolution. The buffer medium extended relevant timescales, thus enhancing the coherence and stability of the atomic system, which are key factors for practical implementations in precision metrology and quantum optics.
Summary form only given. Many studies have been made of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and probe gain under steady-state conditions. We have carried out experimental studies of transient effects in rubidium lambda systems in the non-adiabatic regime where the coupling field is rapidly switched on using a Pockels cell in a time that is short compared with transient time scales. Our preliminary work has confirmed predictions that the steady-state EIT is approached through damped oscillations characterised by the coupling field Rabi frequency /spl Omega//sub c/ and the spontaneous decay rate /spl Gamma/. We report results of our recent investigations into the effects of strong coupling fields conducted in several different lambda schemes in the rubidium 5S/sub 1/2/-5P/sub 3/2/ hyperfine levels in a magnetooptical trap. We also studied the effects of the initial conditions of population and optical coherence, probe absorption on uncoupled Zeeman transitions, and incoherent pumping.
We study the transient response dynamics of 87Rb atomic vapor buffered in 8 torr Ne gas through an electromagnetically induced transparency configured in Λ-scheme. Experimentally, the temporal transmission spectra versus probe detuning by switching on and off the coupling one show complex structures. The transmitted probe light intensity drops to a minimum value when the coupling light turns off, showing a strong absorption. Even at the moment of turning on the coupling light at a subsequent delayed time, the atomic medium shows a fast transient response. To account for the transient switching feature, in the time-dependent optical Bloch equation, we must take the transverse relaxation dephasing process of atomic vapor into account, as well as the fluorescence relaxation along with the optical absorption. This work supplies a technique to quantify the transverse relaxation time scale and to sensitively monitor its variation along the environment by observing the transient dynamics of coherent medium, which is helpful in characterizing the coherent feature of the atomic medium.
We experimentally studied the temporal evolution of Zeeman electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances induced by the laser resonant to hyperfine transition of 87Rb in a rubidium buffer gas cell. We simultaneously modulated the laser beam intensity and polarization to achieve the repeated interaction of the laser beam with coherently prepared atoms. Our cell was placed in a homogenous magnetic field to obtain the Larmor precession of the phase of coherences. The weak laser beam was used to probe the atoms at the end of the Ramsey sequence. We measured the transparency of the probe pulse at different magnetic fields for a given excitation pulse and the period of free evolution of Zeeman coherences in the dark. From these data, we reconstructed the temporal evolution of EIT resonances. The Ramsey fringes that appeared on the EIT curves at the beginning of the second probing pulse disappeared at later moments due to various decay processes.
Observation of transient effects in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is reported in Rb85{\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}Rb85 cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The transmission of a weak probe beam in resonance with the 5S1/2(F=3){5S}_{1/2}(F=3)5S1/2​(F=3) to 5P3/2(F=3){5P}_{3/2}(F=3)5P3/2​(F=3) hyperfine transition increased transiently when a relatively strong coupling field in resonance with the 5S1/2(F=2){5S}_{1/2}(F=2)5S1/2​(F=2) to 5P3/2(F=3){5P}_{3/2}(F=3)5P3/2​(F=3) hyperfine transition was switched on rapidly using a Pockels cell. The probe transient showed an initial Rabi half-cycle overshoot before settling down to steady-state EIT. The results agreed well with computations using a three-state model of the \ensuremath{\Lambda} system. The computations also suggest that transient gain should be observed with coupling field power only four times larger than that presently available to us.
We present a detailed theoretical treatment of a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system in a hot atomic vapor interacting with a coupling and a probe field of arbitrary strengths, leading to electromagnetically induced transparency and slow light under the two-photon resonance condition. We take into account all the relevant decoherence processes including collisions. Velocity-changing collisions (VCCs) are modeled in the strong-collision limit effectively, which helps in achieving optical pumping by the coupling beam across the entire Doppler profile. The steady-state expressions for the atomic density-matrix elements are numerically evaluated to yield the experimentally measured response characteristics. The predictions, taking into account a dynamic rate of influx of atoms in the two lower levels of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$, are in excellent agreement with the reported experimental results for ${^{4}\text{H}\text{e}}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}$. The role played by the VCC parameter is seen to be distinct from that by the transit time or Raman coherence decay rate.
We present a realistic theoretical treatment of a three-level Λ system in a hot atomic vapor interacting with a coupling and a probe field of arbitrary strengths, leading to electromagnetically-induced transparency and slow light under the two-photon resonance condition. We take into account all the relevant decoherence processes including collisions. Velocity-changing collisions (VCCs) are modeled in the strong collision limit effectively, which helps in achieving optical pumping by the coupling beam across the entire Doppler profile. We take into account a dynamic rate of influx of atoms in the two lower levels of the Λ, and an outflux from all the three levels. The steady-state expressions for the atomic density-matrix elements are numerically evaluated to yield the experimentally measured response characteristics. Our predictions are in excellent agreement with the reported experimental results for 4He*. The role played by the VCC parameter is seen to be distinct from that by the transit time or Raman coherence decay rate.