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arXiv:physics/0204082 · Physical Review A

Suppression of inhomogeneous broadening in rf spectroscopy of optically trapped atoms

Ariel Kaplan, Mikkel F. Andersen, Nir Davidson

Published Oct 15, 2002• 57 citations
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Abstract

We present a method for reducing the inhomogeneous frequency broadening in the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of optically trapped atoms. This reduction is achieved by the addition of a weak light field, spatially mode matched with the trapping field and whose frequency is tuned in between the two hyperfine levels. We experimentally demonstrate the new scheme with ${}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms, and report a 50-fold narrowing of the rf spectrum.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.66.045401

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Suppression of inhomogeneous broadening in rf spectroscopy of optically trapped atoms

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A method for reducing the inhomogeneous broadening in the spectroscopic measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of optically trapped atoms is demonstrated. This reduction is achieved by the addition of a very weak light field (the "compensating beam"), whose frequency is tuned between the two hyperfine levels. The total shift is obtained by adding the shifts from the trap and the compensating beam, and a complete cancellation of the inhomogeneous broadening will occur for an intensity ratio of /spl sim/ (/spl Delta/HF/2/spl delta/)/sup 2/. With the suppression of inhomogeneous broadening, the atomic coherence time is next limited by the much smaller spontaneous scattering time. Finally, the introduction of the compensating beam provides with an experimental method to control the decoherence rate of the atomic ensemble, and thus to study the interesting interplay between dynamics and coherence in systems with a rich phase-space, for example in atom-optics billiards.

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We perform spectroscopy on the hyperfine splitting of $^{85}$Rb atoms trapped in far-off-resonance optical traps. The existence of a spatially dependent shift in the energy levels is shown to induce an inherent dephasing effect, which causes a broadening of the spectroscopic line and hence an inhomogeneous loss of atomic coherence at a much faster rate than the homogeneous one caused by spontaneous photon scattering. We present here a number of approaches for reducing this inhomogeneous broadening, based on trap geometry, additional laser fields, and novel microwave pulse sequences. We then show how hyperfine spectroscopy can be used to study quantum dynamics of optically trapped atoms.

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We study both theoretically and experimentally three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency and electromagnetically induced absorption resonances in inhomogeneously broadened 85 Rb atomic vapour driven by probe and drive laser radiations. We observe narrow Doppler-free absorption as well as transmission resonances for the probe field when the driving laser field is redshifted from the D1 or D2 lines of 85Rb; the frequency difference between the drive and probe fields is equal to the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of the atoms, and the probe field is tuned to the centre of the Doppler broadened atomic transition. We theoretically study the spectroscopic effect in both homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened media. Our numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results.

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Spectroscopic Study of Ultracold Rubidium Atoms in an Optical Dipole Force Trap

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The interaction of light with atoms and molecules is of fundamental interest in many branches of science. In atomic physics, this interaction can be used to cool and spatially confine (trap) atoms. These traps can be used as the starting point for other experiments, but the dynamics of the cooling and trapping processes is itself of interest. In order to better understand the physics of trapping atoms in an optical dipole force trap, we have conducted a series of spectroscopic measurements of ultracold rubidium atoms in such a trap. The trap was created at the focus of a Nd:YAG laser beam with wavelength 1064nm and nearly Gaussian spatial mode. For rubidium, the trap light is red-detuned and the atoms are confined to the highest intensity in the beam. In order to probe the atoms confined in the trap, we have performed spectroscopy on the 5S1/2 → 5P3/2 transition. Because the polarizability of the ground and excited states is not the same at the trap wavelength, the spectra exhibit both a shift and inhomogeneous broadening. We have investigated the spectra for both linear and circular polarized traps. We also studied the application of a second laser to couple the excited state (5P3/2) to another higher excited state (5D5/2) to reduce the inhomogeneous broadening of the 5S1/2 → 5P 3/2 transition. Finally, two-photon spectroscopy was performed on atoms in the dipole force trap and compared to spectra taken in a magneto optical trap (MOT). Autler-Townes splitting was clearly observed in the MOT and appears to have been observed in the dipole force trap also.

•Jan 1, 2010•0 citations
We present a method for reducing the inhomogeneous frequency broadening in the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of optically trapped atoms. This reduction is achieved by the addition of a weak light field, spatially mode matched with the trapping field and whose frequency is tuned in between the two hyperfine levels. We experimentally demonstrate the new scheme with 85Rb{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb atoms, and report a 50-fold narrowing of the rf spectrum.
A method for reducing the inhomogeneous broadening in the spectroscopic measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of optically trapped atoms is demonstrated. This reduction is achieved by the addition of a very weak light field (the "compensating beam"), whose frequency is tuned between the two hyperfine levels. The total shift is obtained by adding the shifts from the trap and the compensating beam, and a complete cancellation of the inhomogeneous broadening will occur for an intensity ratio of /spl sim/ (/spl Delta/HF/2/spl delta/)/sup 2/. With the suppression of inhomogeneous broadening, the atomic coherence time is next limited by the much smaller spontaneous scattering time. Finally, the introduction of the compensating beam provides with an experimental method to control the decoherence rate of the atomic ensemble, and thus to study the interesting interplay between dynamics and coherence in systems with a rich phase-space, for example in atom-optics billiards.
We perform spectroscopy on the hyperfine splitting of 85^{85}85Rb atoms trapped in far-off-resonance optical traps. The existence of a spatially dependent shift in the energy levels is shown to induce an inherent dephasing effect, which causes a broadening of the spectroscopic line and hence an inhomogeneous loss of atomic coherence at a much faster rate than the homogeneous one caused by spontaneous photon scattering. We present here a number of approaches for reducing this inhomogeneous broadening, based on trap geometry, additional laser fields, and novel microwave pulse sequences. We then show how hyperfine spectroscopy can be used to study quantum dynamics of optically trapped atoms.
We propose a way to eliminate the inhomogeneous broadening for a ground-state hyperfine transition of an alkali metal atom in an optical trap by using a properly polarized trapping field. The ac Stark shift contribution from the vector polarizability has opposite sign for a pair of ground hyperfine levels. It can be used to eliminate the inhomogeneous broadening from the difference in the scalar polarizbilities due to the hyperfine splitting. The size of the vector term is determined by the polarization state of the trapping field, and by controlling the polarization tightly one can achieve a very narrow linewidth. We estimate required tolerance in the polarization control to achieve 1-Hz linewidth for a specific case of a cesium atom. This proposal has significant implications for an electric dipole moment measurement using cesium atoms and quantum information processing using an optical lattice.
Abstract We report our theoretical and experimental study on how the motional states of an atom trapped in a 1D optical lattice modify its hyperfine transition. We calculate and measure the inhomogeneously broadened line shape of a transition from the ∣ 5 S 1 / 2 , F = 1 , m F = 1 〉 state to the ∣ 5 S 1 / 2 , F = 2 , m F = 2 〉 state of 87 Rb atoms in a lattice with various elliptic polarizations, and find excellent agreement. The atoms are at a temperature below 10 μ K, and the well depth at an antinode is 100 μ K. For the line shape calculation, we develop an efficient formula that allows us to evaluate the Franck–Condon factor from the 3D motional states accurately with a motional quantum number of as high as 1600. Precise spectroscopic measurements are conducted using evaporatively cooled atoms in a 980 nm lattice formed by a Fabry–Perot cavity placed inside a two-layer magnetic shield. Our results show how the broadening and decoherence of a ground hyperfine transition are related with the motional states. Inversely, our results can be applied to develop schemes to manipulate the motional states by using an inhomogeneously broadened hyperfine transition. As an example, we discuss the radio-frequency induced evaporative cooling in an optical lattice with a fixed well depth.
We study both theoretically and experimentally three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency and electromagnetically induced absorption resonances in inhomogeneously broadened 85 Rb atomic vapour driven by probe and drive laser radiations. We observe narrow Doppler-free absorption as well as transmission resonances for the probe field when the driving laser field is redshifted from the D1 or D2 lines of 85Rb; the frequency difference between the drive and probe fields is equal to the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of the atoms, and the probe field is tuned to the centre of the Doppler broadened atomic transition. We theoretically study the spectroscopic effect in both homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened media. Our numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results.
The interaction of light with atoms and molecules is of fundamental interest in many branches of science. In atomic physics, this interaction can be used to cool and spatially confine (trap) atoms. These traps can be used as the starting point for other experiments, but the dynamics of the cooling and trapping processes is itself of interest. In order to better understand the physics of trapping atoms in an optical dipole force trap, we have conducted a series of spectroscopic measurements of ultracold rubidium atoms in such a trap. The trap was created at the focus of a Nd:YAG laser beam with wavelength 1064nm and nearly Gaussian spatial mode. For rubidium, the trap light is red-detuned and the atoms are confined to the highest intensity in the beam. In order to probe the atoms confined in the trap, we have performed spectroscopy on the 5S1/2 → 5P3/2 transition. Because the polarizability of the ground and excited states is not the same at the trap wavelength, the spectra exhibit both a shift and inhomogeneous broadening. We have investigated the spectra for both linear and circular polarized traps. We also studied the application of a second laser to couple the excited state (5P3/2) to another higher excited state (5D5/2) to reduce the inhomogeneous broadening of the 5S1/2 → 5P 3/2 transition. Finally, two-photon spectroscopy was performed on atoms in the dipole force trap and compared to spectra taken in a magneto optical trap (MOT). Autler-Townes splitting was clearly observed in the MOT and appears to have been observed in the dipole force trap also.