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arXiv:cond-mat/0703087 · Physical Review Letters

p -Wave Feshbach Molecules

John Gaebler, John T. Stewart, John L. Bohn, D. S. Jin

Published May 16, 2007• 206 citations
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Abstract

We have produced and detected molecules using a $p$-wave Feshbach resonance between $^{40}\mathrm{K}$ atoms. We have measured the binding energy and lifetime for these molecules and we find that the binding energy scales approximately linearly with the magnetic field near the resonance. The lifetime of bound $p$-wave molecules is measured to be $1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ms}$ and $2.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ms}$ for the ${m}_{l}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ and ${m}_{l}=0$ angular momentum projections, respectively. At magnetic fields above the resonance, we detect quasibound molecules whose lifetime is set by the tunneling rate through the centrifugal barrier.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.98.200403

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We have produced and detected molecules using a ppp-wave Feshbach resonance between 40K^{40}\mathrm{K}40K atoms. We have measured the binding energy and lifetime for these molecules and we find that the binding energy scales approximately linearly with the magnetic field near the resonance. The lifetime of bound ppp-wave molecules is measured to be 1.0\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.1  ms1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ms}1.0\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.1  ms and 2.3\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.2  ms2.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ms}2.3\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.2  ms for the ml=\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi1{m}_{l}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1ml​=\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi1 and ml=0{m}_{l}=0ml​=0 angular momentum projections, respectively. At magnetic fields above the resonance, we detect quasibound molecules whose lifetime is set by the tunneling rate through the centrifugal barrier.
We report a dramatic magnetic-field dependence in the lifetime of trapped, ultracold diatomic molecules created through an s-wave Feshbach resonance between fermionic atoms. The molecule lifetime increases from less than 1 ms away from the Feshbach resonance to greater than 100 ms near resonance. We also have measured the trapped atom lifetime as a function of magnetic field near the Feshbach resonance; we find that the atom loss is more pronounced on the side of the resonance containing the molecular bound state.
We present measurements of the binding energies of 6Li^{6}\text{L}\text{i}6Li ppp-wave Feshbach molecules formed in combinations of the ∣F=1/2,mF=+1/2⟩|F=1/2,{m}_{F}=+1/2⟩∣F=1/2,mF​=+1/2⟩ (∣1⟩)(|1⟩)(∣1⟩) and $|F=1/2,{m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}1/2⟩$ (∣2⟩)(|2⟩)(∣2⟩) states. The binding energies scale linearly with magnetic field detuning for all three resonances. The relative molecular magnetic moments are found to be $113\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{K}/\text{G}$, $111\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{K}/\text{G}$, and $118\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{K}/\text{G}$ for the $|1⟩\text{\ensuremath{-}}|1⟩$, $|1⟩\text{\ensuremath{-}}|2⟩$, and $|2⟩\text{\ensuremath{-}}|2⟩$ resonances, respectively, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Closed-channel amplitudes and the size of the ppp-wave molecules are obtained theoretically from full closed-coupled calculations.
We report the first creation of a bulk sample of ultracold heteronuclear p-wave Feshbach molecules in an optically trapped Bose-Bose mixture of ^{23}Na and ^{87}Rb atoms. Using loss spectroscopy and binding energy measurements, we systematically characterize the interspecies p-wave Feshbach resonances near 284 G. Leveraging this understanding, we use magnetoassociation to form p-wave NaRb Feshbach molecules, producing both pure samples and mixtures of molecules in different p-wave orbitals. We further measure the molecular lifetime and identify atom-molecule and molecule-molecule collisions as the dominant loss mechanisms. This Letter establishes a previously unavailable ultracold molecule platform that combines orbital anisotropy with heteronuclear constituents, represents a significant step toward realizing tunable p-wave interactions in Bose-Bose mixtures, and provides a foundation for exploring nonzero angular momentum molecules.
We present measurements of the binding energies of 6Li p-wave Feshbach molecules in the three resonances of the two lowest hyperfine states. We find the binding energy scales linearly with magnetic field detuning across all resonances. The gradients of the binding energies have been determined to be 113 +-7, 111+-6, and 119+-8 for the 11, 12, and 22 Feshbach resonances, respectively, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Further properties of these Feshbach molecules are also investigated.
We report the first creation of a bulk sample of ultracold heteronuclear p-wave Feshbach molecules in an optically trapped Bose-Bose mixture of 23Na and 87Rb atoms. Using loss spectroscopy and binding energy measurements, we systematically characterize the interspecies p-wave Feshbach resonances near 284 G. Leveraging this understanding, we use magneto-association to form p-wave NaRb Feshbach molecules, producing both pure samples and mixtures of molecules in different p-wave orbitals. We further measure the molecular lifetime and identify atom-molecule and molecule-molecule collisions as the dominant loss mechanisms. This work establishes a previously unavailable ultracold molecule platform that combines orbital anisotropy with heteronuclear constituents, represents a significant step toward realizing tunable p-wave interactions in Bose-Bose mixtures, and provides a foundation for exploring non-zero angular momentum molecules.
We observe a ppp-wave resonance in the collisions between metastable neon and rovibrationally ground state HD molecules at a collision energy of ${k}_{B}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}22$ mK. This is the first observation of the lowest quasibound angular momentum state in molecular collisions. This measurement was enabled by the reduction of the lowest collision energy achieved without laser cooling, using the phase-space correlation in cold molecular beams. We demonstrate that contrary to higher lll-state resonances, the ppp-wave resonance allows sensitive probing of the leading term of the van der Waals intermolecular interaction. Furthermore, the same sensitivity to the long range part of the interaction potential allows an accurate estimation of ppp-wave resonance lifetime using only fundamental constants and the dispersion coefficient.