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arXiv:0802.3262 · Physical Review A

Binding energies of L 6 i p -wave Feshbach molecules

J. Fuchs, Christopher Ticknor, Paul Dyke, G. Veeravalli, E. D. Kuhnle, W J Rowlands, Peter Hannaford, Chris J. Vale

Published May 29, 2008• 103 citations
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Abstract

We present measurements of the binding energies of $^{6}\text{L}\text{i}$ $p$-wave Feshbach molecules formed in combinations of the $|F=1/2,{m}_{F}=+1/2⟩$ $(|1⟩)$ and $|F=1/2,{m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}1/2⟩$ $(|2⟩)$ states. The binding energies scale linearly with magnetic field detuning for all three resonances. The relative molecular magnetic moments are found to be $113\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{K}/\text{G}$, $111\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{K}/\text{G}$, and $118\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{K}/\text{G}$ for the $|1⟩\text{\ensuremath{-}}|1⟩$, $|1⟩\text{\ensuremath{-}}|2⟩$, and $|2⟩\text{\ensuremath{-}}|2⟩$ resonances, respectively, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Closed-channel amplitudes and the size of the $p$-wave molecules are obtained theoretically from full closed-coupled calculations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.053616

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We present measurements of the binding energies of 6Li p-wave Feshbach molecules in the three resonances of the two lowest hyperfine states. We find the binding energy scales linearly with magnetic field detuning across all resonances. The gradients of the binding energies have been determined to be 113 +-7, 111+-6, and 119+-8 for the 11, 12, and 22 Feshbach resonances, respectively, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Further properties of these Feshbach molecules are also investigated.
We have produced and detected molecules using a ppp-wave Feshbach resonance between 40K^{40}\mathrm{K}40K atoms. We have measured the binding energy and lifetime for these molecules and we find that the binding energy scales approximately linearly with the magnetic field near the resonance. The lifetime of bound ppp-wave molecules is measured to be $1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ms}$ and $2.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ms}$ for the ${m}_{l}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ and ml=0{m}_{l}=0ml​=0 angular momentum projections, respectively. At magnetic fields above the resonance, we detect quasibound molecules whose lifetime is set by the tunneling rate through the centrifugal barrier.
This thesis describes the production of molecular Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) of 6Li2 dimers and binding energy measurements of p-wave Feshbach molecules. A σ− Zeeman slower is used to produce a continuous beam of isotopically enriched 6Li atoms at speeds low enough to load a magneto-optical trap (MOT). We currently have a flux of slowed atoms of ~ 5 · 106 atoms/s loading the MOT with more than 108 atoms. We then transfer up to 106 atoms in an almost equal spin mixture of the two lowest hyperfine states into an optical dipole trap. We achieved condensates in three different crossed optical dipole trap geometries. The initial low power optical dipole trap was formed using light from a 25WVersaDisk Yb:YAG laser at 1030 nm. It consisted of a 15 W beam crossed with a 13 W beam at about 80 degrees with a waist of approximately 30 μm in each beam. By translating the focus of the second beam we could change the trap geometry from near symmetric to elongated. Nowadays, we produce condensates in a crossed dipole trap formed by a 100 W fibre laser. Both arms are focussed to a waist of 40 μm, cross each other at 14 degrees and have laser powers of ~80 W and ~70 W, respectively. Evaporative cooling is achieved by reducing the laser power near the broad s-wave Feshbach resonance at 834 G. By tuning to the low magnetic field side (770 G) of the Feshbach resonance molecules are formed through three-body recombination at sufficiently low temperatures. Further evaporation leads to the creation of a molecular BEC. After reducing the laser power by a factor of about 1000 in approximately 3 s we have observed more than 30 000 condensed molecules. During the evaporation the temperature decreases from about 100 μK to below 100 nK. We present measurements of the binding energies of 6Li p-wave Feshbach molecules formed in combinations of the |F = 1/2,mF = +1/2i (|1i) and |F = 1/2,mF = −1/2i (|2i) states. The binding energies scale linearly with magnetic field detuning for all three resonances. The relative molecular magnetic moments are found to be 113 ± 7 μK/G, 111 ± 6 μK/G and 118 ± 8 μK/G for the |1i − |1i, |1i − |2i and |2i − |2i resonances, respectively, in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
We determine the physical properties of p-wave Feshbach molecules in doubly spin-polarized 40K and find excellent agreement with recent experiments. We show that these molecules have a large probability Z to be in the closed channel or bare molecular state responsible for the Feshbach resonance. In the superfluid state this allows for observation of Rabi oscillations between the molecular and atomic components of the Bose-Einstein condensed pairs, which contains a characteristic signature of the quantum phase transition that occurs as a function of applied magnetic field.
Experiments on ultra-cold fermionic /sup 6/Li confined in a crossed dipole trap. /sup 6/Li possesses Feshbach resonances both in the s-wave and p-wave channels. This features enables the exploration of both s-wave and p-wave pairing mechanisms. We first discuss our observation of Bose-Einstein condensation of /sup 6/Li/sub 2/ molecules in the low-magnetic field wing the s-wave Feshbach located at /spl sim/ 834 G. The molecular BEC offers a good starting point for the exploration of the BEC-BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) crossover. We have also located p-wave Feshbach resonances in the two lowest hyperfine states of /sup 6/Li. The experimental positions of these resonances are in good agreement with those predicted by coupled channel calculations. We have studied the atom losses close to these resonances and have developed a semi-analytical model capturing our experimental findings.