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Measurements of Binding Energies of p-wave Feshbach Molecules in a gas of ^6Li

Christopher Ticknor, Jürgen Fuchs, Paul Dyke, G. Veeravalli, E. D. Kuhnle, Wayne Rowlands, Peter Hannaford, Chris J. Vale

Published May 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We present measurements of the binding energies of 6Li p-wave Feshbach molecules in the three resonances of the two lowest hyperfine states. We find the binding energy scales linearly with magnetic field detuning across all resonances. The gradients of the binding energies have been determined to be 113 +-7, 111+-6, and 119+-8 for the 11, 12, and 22 Feshbach resonances, respectively, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Further properties of these Feshbach molecules are also investigated.

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Binding energies of L 6 i p -wave Feshbach molecules

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We present measurements of the binding energies of $^{6}\text{L}\text{i}$ $p$-wave Feshbach molecules formed in combinations of the $|F=1/2,{m}_{F}=+1/2⟩$ $(|1⟩)$ and $|F=1/2,{m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}1/2⟩$ $(|2⟩)$ states. The binding energies scale linearly with magnetic field detuning for all three resonances. The relative molecular magnetic moments are found to be $113\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{K}/\text{G}$, $111\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{K}/\text{G}$, and $118\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{K}/\text{G}$ for the $|1⟩\text{\ensuremath{-}}|1⟩$, $|1⟩\text{\ensuremath{-}}|2⟩$, and $|2⟩\text{\ensuremath{-}}|2⟩$ resonances, respectively, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Closed-channel amplitudes and the size of the $p$-wave molecules are obtained theoretically from full closed-coupled calculations.

arXiv:0802.3262•Physical Review A•May 29, 2008•103 citations

Molecular Bose-Einstein condensates and p-wave Feshbach molecules of 6Li2

Fuchs, Jurgen

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p -Wave Feshbach Molecules

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We have produced and detected molecules using a $p$-wave Feshbach resonance between $^{40}\mathrm{K}$ atoms. We have measured the binding energy and lifetime for these molecules and we find that the binding energy scales approximately linearly with the magnetic field near the resonance. The lifetime of bound $p$-wave molecules is measured to be $1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ms}$ and $2.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ms}$ for the ${m}_{l}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ and ${m}_{l}=0$ angular momentum projections, respectively. At magnetic fields above the resonance, we detect quasibound molecules whose lifetime is set by the tunneling rate through the centrifugal barrier.

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We perform radio-frequency dissociation spectroscopy of weakly bound 6Li2 Feshbach molecules using low-density samples of about 30 molecules in an optical dipole trap. Combined with a high magnetic field stability, this allows us to resolve the discrete trap levels in the radio-frequency dissociation spectra. This novel technique allows the binding energy of Feshbach molecules to be determined with unprecedented precision. We use these measurements as an input for a fit to the 6Li scattering potential using coupled-channel calculations. From this new potential, we determine the pole positions of the broad 6Li Feshbach resonances with an accuracy better than 7×10(-4) of the resonance widths. This eliminates the dominant uncertainty for current precision measurements of the equation of state of strongly interacting Fermi gases. As an important consequence, our results imply a corrected value for the Bertsch parameter ξ measured by Ku et al. [Science 335, 563 (2012)], which is ξ=0.370(5)(8).

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Decay of an Ultracold Fermionic Lithium Gas near a Feshbach Resonance

Kai Dieckmann, Claudiu Andrei Stan, Subhadeep Gupta +3 more

We studied the magnetic field dependence of the inelastic decay of an ultracold, optically trapped fermionic 6Li gas of different spin compositions. The spin mixture of the two lowest hyperfine states showed two decay resonances at 550 and 680 G, consistent with the predicted Feshbach resonances for elastic s-wave collisions. The observed lifetimes of several hundred ms are much longer than the expected time for Cooper pair formation and the phase transition to superfluidity in the vicinity of the Feshbach resonance.

arXiv:cond-mat/0207046•Physical Review Letters•Oct 24, 2002•158 citations
We present measurements of the binding energies of 6Li p-wave Feshbach molecules in the three resonances of the two lowest hyperfine states. We find the binding energy scales linearly with magnetic field detuning across all resonances. The gradients of the binding energies have been determined to be 113 +-7, 111+-6, and 119+-8 for the 11, 12, and 22 Feshbach resonances, respectively, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Further properties of these Feshbach molecules are also investigated.
We present measurements of the binding energies of 6Li^{6}\text{L}\text{i}6Li ppp-wave Feshbach molecules formed in combinations of the ∣F=1/2,mF=+1/2⟩|F=1/2,{m}_{F}=+1/2⟩∣F=1/2,mF​=+1/2⟩ (∣1⟩)(|1⟩)(∣1⟩) and $|F=1/2,{m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}1/2⟩$ (∣2⟩)(|2⟩)(∣2⟩) states. The binding energies scale linearly with magnetic field detuning for all three resonances. The relative molecular magnetic moments are found to be $113\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{K}/\text{G}$, $111\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{K}/\text{G}$, and $118\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{K}/\text{G}$ for the $|1⟩\text{\ensuremath{-}}|1⟩$, $|1⟩\text{\ensuremath{-}}|2⟩$, and $|2⟩\text{\ensuremath{-}}|2⟩$ resonances, respectively, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Closed-channel amplitudes and the size of the ppp-wave molecules are obtained theoretically from full closed-coupled calculations.
This thesis describes the production of molecular Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) of 6Li2 dimers and binding energy measurements of p-wave Feshbach molecules. A σ− Zeeman slower is used to produce a continuous beam of isotopically enriched 6Li atoms at speeds low enough to load a magneto-optical trap (MOT). We currently have a flux of slowed atoms of ~ 5 · 106 atoms/s loading the MOT with more than 108 atoms. We then transfer up to 106 atoms in an almost equal spin mixture of the two lowest hyperfine states into an optical dipole trap. We achieved condensates in three different crossed optical dipole trap geometries. The initial low power optical dipole trap was formed using light from a 25WVersaDisk Yb:YAG laser at 1030 nm. It consisted of a 15 W beam crossed with a 13 W beam at about 80 degrees with a waist of approximately 30 μm in each beam. By translating the focus of the second beam we could change the trap geometry from near symmetric to elongated. Nowadays, we produce condensates in a crossed dipole trap formed by a 100 W fibre laser. Both arms are focussed to a waist of 40 μm, cross each other at 14 degrees and have laser powers of ~80 W and ~70 W, respectively. Evaporative cooling is achieved by reducing the laser power near the broad s-wave Feshbach resonance at 834 G. By tuning to the low magnetic field side (770 G) of the Feshbach resonance molecules are formed through three-body recombination at sufficiently low temperatures. Further evaporation leads to the creation of a molecular BEC. After reducing the laser power by a factor of about 1000 in approximately 3 s we have observed more than 30 000 condensed molecules. During the evaporation the temperature decreases from about 100 μK to below 100 nK. We present measurements of the binding energies of 6Li p-wave Feshbach molecules formed in combinations of the |F = 1/2,mF = +1/2i (|1i) and |F = 1/2,mF = −1/2i (|2i) states. The binding energies scale linearly with magnetic field detuning for all three resonances. The relative molecular magnetic moments are found to be 113 ± 7 μK/G, 111 ± 6 μK/G and 118 ± 8 μK/G for the |1i − |1i, |1i − |2i and |2i − |2i resonances, respectively, in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
We have produced and detected molecules using a ppp-wave Feshbach resonance between 40K^{40}\mathrm{K}40K atoms. We have measured the binding energy and lifetime for these molecules and we find that the binding energy scales approximately linearly with the magnetic field near the resonance. The lifetime of bound ppp-wave molecules is measured to be $1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ms}$ and $2.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ms}$ for the ${m}_{l}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ and ml=0{m}_{l}=0ml​=0 angular momentum projections, respectively. At magnetic fields above the resonance, we detect quasibound molecules whose lifetime is set by the tunneling rate through the centrifugal barrier.
We perform radio-frequency dissociation spectroscopy of weakly bound 6Li2 Feshbach molecules using low-density samples of about 30 molecules in an optical dipole trap. Combined with a high magnetic field stability, this allows us to resolve the discrete trap levels in the radio-frequency dissociation spectra. This novel technique allows the binding energy of Feshbach molecules to be determined with unprecedented precision. We use these measurements as an input for a fit to the 6Li scattering potential using coupled-channel calculations. From this new potential, we determine the pole positions of the broad 6Li Feshbach resonances with an accuracy better than 7×10(-4) of the resonance widths. This eliminates the dominant uncertainty for current precision measurements of the equation of state of strongly interacting Fermi gases. As an important consequence, our results imply a corrected value for the Bertsch parameter ξ measured by Ku et al. [Science 335, 563 (2012)], which is ξ=0.370(5)(8).
We studied the magnetic field dependence of the inelastic decay of an ultracold, optically trapped fermionic 6Li gas of different spin compositions. The spin mixture of the two lowest hyperfine states showed two decay resonances at 550 and 680 G, consistent with the predicted Feshbach resonances for elastic s-wave collisions. The observed lifetimes of several hundred ms are much longer than the expected time for Cooper pair formation and the phase transition to superfluidity in the vicinity of the Feshbach resonance.