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arXiv:cond-mat/0609218 · Physical Review A

Quantum tunneling of magnetization in dipolar spin-1 condensates under external fields

Limin Yang, Yunbo Zhang

Published Oct 5, 2006• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study the macroscopic quantum tunneling of magnetization of the $F=1$ spinor condensate interacting through dipole-dipole interaction with an external magnetic field applied along the longitudinal or transverse direction. We show that the ground state energy and the effective magnetic moment of the system exhibit an interesting macroscopic quantum oscillation phenomenon originating from the oscillating dependence of thermodynamic properties of the system on the vacuum angle. Tunneling between two degenerate minima are analyzed by means of an effective potential method and the periodic instanton method.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.74.043604

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We study the macroscopic quantum tunneling of magnetization of the F=1F=1F=1 spinor condensate interacting through dipole-dipole interaction with an external magnetic field applied along the longitudinal or transverse direction. We show that the ground state energy and the effective magnetic moment of the system exhibit an interesting macroscopic quantum oscillation phenomenon originating from the oscillating dependence of thermodynamic properties of the system on the vacuum angle. Tunneling between two degenerate minima are analyzed by means of an effective potential method and the periodic instanton method.
In a previous work [H. Pu, W. Zhang, and P. Meystre, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 140405 (2001)]], we have shown that a spinor condensate confined in a periodic or double-well potential exhibits ferromagnetic behavior due to the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions between different wells, and in the absence of external magnetic field, the ground state has a twofold degeneracy. In this work, we demonstrate the possibility of observing macroscopic quantum spin tunneling between these two degenerate states and show how the tunneling rate critically depends on the strength of the transverse field.
We study the static and dynamic responses of an F=1F=1F=1 dipolar spinor condensate with magnetic dipole moment under external magnetic fields, focusing on the effects induced by the magnetic dipolar interactions between atoms. A rich set of phenomena are investigated such as the ground state quantum phases, the magnetization steps, spin squeezing, and macroscopic entanglement generation.
We have studied the interaction of spinor Bose condensate with a combination of static and sinusoidal magnetic field . We find that the tunneling current among spin 0 and spin , spin 0 and spin , spin and spin may exhibit the incremental oscillation behavior, which depends on the field parameters of the reduced amplitudes of the transverse and the longitudinal magnetic fields respectively. This means that the dynamics spin localization can be adjusted experimentally by selecting the less values of the reduced amplitudes of the transverse magnetic field and those of the longitudinal magnetic field .
We investigate the macroscopic quantum spin coherence of a spinor condensate confined in an anisotropic potential. Under the single-mode approximation, we show that a spin-1 Rb condensate can be modeled as a biaxial quantum magnet. A direct consequence of the biaxial anisotropy is that the tunneling splitting oscillates as a function of the external magnetic field applied along the hard axis. We also propose an experimental scheme to detect the oscillatory behavior of the tunneling splitting by employing the Landau-Zener tunneling.
We have investigated the effect of an external periodic driving to the macroscopic quantum tunneling of spin-1 condensates in a double-well potential. By manipulating the frequencies of the external magnetic fields, a rich set of phenomena can be studied, and dynamical localization and self-trapping in spin states can be realized using time-dependent magnetic field. We have shown that a relatively high-frequency field may induce a fast oscillation of the macroscopic quantum localization. The larger the periodic magnetic field frequency is, the faster oscillation of the spin condensate magnetization goes. By applying a lower-frequency field to the spin-condensate, one can find that the dynamical properties of the magnetization appears similar behaviors to the results of the modulations of a constant external magnetic field. A possible realization in experiments is also presented.