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Acta Physica Sinica

Dynamics of dipolar spinor condensates in the external magnetic field

Li Ju-Ping, Lei Tan, Xiao-Fei Zang, Ke Yang

Published Jan 1, 2008• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The equilibrium populations and the coherent off-equilibrium spin mixing with dipole-dipole interaction dynamics in an external magnetic field are investigated. By adjusting the external magnetic field, spin-exchange interaction and the aspect ratio of the potential well we can control the tunneling of the hyperfine components, the oscillation of the populations and the relative phases.

DOI
10.7498/aps.57.7467

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The equilibrium populations and the coherent off-equilibrium spin mixing with dipole-dipole interaction dynamics in an external magnetic field are investigated. By adjusting the external magnetic field, spin-exchange interaction and the aspect ratio of the potential well we can control the tunneling of the hyperfine components, the oscillation of the populations and the relative phases.
We study the semiclassical dynamics of a spinor condensate with the magnetic dipole–dipole interaction included. The time evolution of the population imbalance and the relative phase among different spin components depend greatly on the relative strength of interactions as well as on the initial conditions. The interplay of spin-exchange and dipole–dipole interaction makes it possible to manipulate the atomic population on different components, leading to the phenomena of spontaneous magnetization and macroscopic quantum self-trapping. A simple estimate demonstrates that these effects are accessible and controllable by modifying the geometry of the trapping potential.
In this paper, we study the dynamics properties of three-component antiferromagnetic dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates with external magnetic field. Our results are obtained by numerical simulations of the spinor Gross–Pitaevskii equation. We find that the population of the spin components is seriously influenced by magnetic field. The dynamical evolution process is accelerated in the presence of magnetic field. As a result, the periodic oscillation of spin exchange dynamics emerges and the components [Formula: see text] have the same amplitude. In addition, the density profile displays that the influences of dipolar interaction are masked by magnetic field. Moreover, we introduce an order parameter to characterize the disorder-order crossover, where it is seen that the system develops toward the disordered state with strong dipole strength when magnetic field is included.
Dynamic response of the F=2F=2F=2 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) under the influence of external magnetic fields is studied. A general formula is given for the oscillation period to describe population transfer from the initial polar state to other spin states. We show that when the frequency and the reduced amplitude of the longitudinal magnetic field are related in a specific manner, the population of the initial spin-0 state will be dynamically localized during time evolution. The effects of external noise and nonlinear spin-exchange interaction on the dynamics of the spinor BEC are studied. We show that while the external noise may eventually destroy the Rabi oscillations and dynamic spin localization, these coherent phenomena are robust against the nonlinear atomic interaction.
We show that the classical dynamics underlying the mean-field description of homogeneous mixtures of spinor F=1 Bose-Einstein condensates in an external magnetic field is integrable as a consequence of number conservation and axial symmetry in spin space. The population dynamics depends only on the quadratic term of the Zeeman energy and on the strength of the spin-dependent term of the atom-atom interaction. We determine the equilibrium populations as function of the ratio of these two quantities and the miscibility of the hyperfine components in the ground state spinors are thoroughly discussed. Outside the equilibrium, the populations are always a periodic function of time where the periodic motion can be a libration or a rotation. Our studies also indicates the absence of metastability.
We show that the classical dynamics underlying the mean-field description of homogeneous mixtures of spinor F=1F=1F=1 Bose-Einstein condensates in an external magnetic field is integrable as a consequence of number conservation and axial symmetry in spin space. The population dynamics depends only on the quadratic term of the Zeeman energy and on the strength of the spin-dependent term of the atom-atom interaction. We determine the equilibrium populations as function of the ratio of these two quantities and the miscibility of the hyperfine components in the ground state spinors are thoroughly discussed. Outside the equilibrium, the populations are always a periodic function of time where the periodic motion can be a libration or a rotation. Our studies also indicate the absence of metastability.
We study the static and dynamic responses of an F=1F=1F=1 dipolar spinor condensate with magnetic dipole moment under external magnetic fields, focusing on the effects induced by the magnetic dipolar interactions between atoms. A rich set of phenomena are investigated such as the ground state quantum phases, the magnetization steps, spin squeezing, and macroscopic entanglement generation.