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Physical Review A

Magnetization, squeezing, and entanglement in dipolar spin-1 condensates

S. Yi, Han Pu

Published Feb 6, 2006• 63 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the static and dynamic responses of an $F=1$ dipolar spinor condensate with magnetic dipole moment under external magnetic fields, focusing on the effects induced by the magnetic dipolar interactions between atoms. A rich set of phenomena are investigated such as the ground state quantum phases, the magnetization steps, spin squeezing, and macroscopic entanglement generation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.73.023602

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We study the static and dynamic responses of an F=1F=1F=1 dipolar spinor condensate with magnetic dipole moment under external magnetic fields, focusing on the effects induced by the magnetic dipolar interactions between atoms. A rich set of phenomena are investigated such as the ground state quantum phases, the magnetization steps, spin squeezing, and macroscopic entanglement generation.
We study the macroscopic quantum tunneling of magnetization of the F=1F=1F=1 spinor condensate interacting through dipole-dipole interaction with an external magnetic field applied along the longitudinal or transverse direction. We show that the ground state energy and the effective magnetic moment of the system exhibit an interesting macroscopic quantum oscillation phenomenon originating from the oscillating dependence of thermodynamic properties of the system on the vacuum angle. Tunneling between two degenerate minima are analyzed by means of an effective potential method and the periodic instanton method.
We study the spin distribution and macroscopic entanglement in spinor condensates confined in an anisotropic potential under external magnetic fields. Different types of magnetic phases can be reached by tuning the magnetic dipolar interaction strength by modifying the trapping geometry. We investigate the atom-number fluctuations of the ground state and show that the different internal hyperfine states exhibit super-Poissonian, Poissonian, and sub-Poissonian distributions with different trapping geometries and strengths of the external magnetic field. We also propose a scheme to create a macroscopic maximally entangled spin state by slowly sweeping the external magnetic field.
We study the semiclassical dynamics of a spinor condensate with the magnetic dipole–dipole interaction included. The time evolution of the population imbalance and the relative phase among different spin components depend greatly on the relative strength of interactions as well as on the initial conditions. The interplay of spin-exchange and dipole–dipole interaction makes it possible to manipulate the atomic population on different components, leading to the phenomena of spontaneous magnetization and macroscopic quantum self-trapping. A simple estimate demonstrates that these effects are accessible and controllable by modifying the geometry of the trapping potential.
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