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arXiv:cond-mat/0510165 · Physical Review A

Metastable Bose-Einstein condensate in a linear potential

D. Naik, Sérgio Ricardo Muniz, Chandra Raman

Published Nov 22, 2005• 12 citations
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Abstract

We have created a Bose-Einstein condensate whose spin orientation is metastable. Condensates were transferred into a quadrupole magnetic trap, where Majorana transitions limited the lifetime to a few hundred milliseconds, about 30 times the trapping period. Atoms held in the trap frequently displayed a ring-shaped time-of-flight distribution. We speculate that such a ring could be either a quantized vortex or a feature of the Majorana loss dynamics in the quantum regime.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.72.051606

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We have created a Bose-Einstein condensate whose spin orientation is metastable. Condensates were transferred into a quadrupole magnetic trap, where Majorana transitions limited the lifetime to a few hundred milliseconds, about 30 times the trapping period. Atoms held in the trap frequently displayed a ring-shaped time-of-flight distribution. We speculate that such a ring could be either a quantized vortex or a feature of the Majorana loss dynamics in the quantum regime.
School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332(Dated: February 2, 2008)We have created a Bose-Einstein condensate whose spin orientation is metastable. Condensateswere transferred into a quadrupole magnetic trap, where Majorana transitions limited the lifetime toa few hundred milliseconds, about 30 times the trapping period. Atoms held in the trap frequentlydisplayed a ring-shaped time-of-flight distribution. We speculate that such a ring could be either aquantized vortex or a feature of the Majorana loss dynamics in the quantum regime.
We created sodium Bose-Einstein condensates in an optically plugged quadrupole magnetic trap. A focused, 532-nm laser beam repelled atoms from the coil center where Majorana loss is significant. We produced condensates containing up to $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ atoms, a factor of 60 improvement over previous work and a number comparable to the best all-magnetic traps, and transferred up to $9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms into a purely optical trap. We compare our observations with a simple model of evaporative cooling, concluding that a laser in the range of 1 W (rather than 5 W) may suffice.
Abstract We prepared a ring-shaped Bose–Einstein condensate with quantized circulation by imprinting a linear azimuthal phase. A doubly quantized vortex (DQV) can be generated and exist stably in the middle of the condensate cloud after the system is released into a rotationally symmetric harmonic trap. For an asymmetric trap with a small degree of anisotropy the generated DQV initially splits into two singly quantized vortices and revives again but eventually evolves into two unit vortices due to the dynamic instability. For the degree of anisotropy above a critical value, the DQV is extremely unstable and decays rapidly into two singlet vortices. The geometry-dependent lifetime of the DQV and vortex-induced excitations are also discussed intensively.
We report the experimental realization of a versatile ring trap for ultracold atoms. The ring geometry is created by the time-averaged adiabatic potential resulting from the application of an oscillating magnetic bias field to a rf-dressed quadrupole trap. Lifetimes for a Bose-Einstein condensate in the ring exceed 11s11\mathrm{s}11s and the ring radius was continuously varied from $50 \ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ to $262 \ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$. An efficient method of loading the ring from a conventional time-averaged orbiting potential trap is presented together with a rotation scheme which introduces angular momentum into the system. The ring presents an opportunity to study the superfluid properties of a condensate in a multiply connected geometry and also has applications for matter-wave interferometry.
The irrotational nature of superfluids leads to spectacular rotational properties. For the fluid to rotate, its density must locally vanish at a singular point called a quantum vortex. The annular geometry is of great interest for studying superfluidity as the gas can rotate in this geometry around a central hole without requiring any singularity, allowing the existence of persistent currents along the ring with a quantized circulation. In out experiment, we confine cold atoms dressed by a radiofrequency field in an adiabatic potential based on a quadrupolar magnetic trap. The resulting bubble-shaped potential, both very smooth and easily tunable, allows us to produce two types of ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates. A first strategy consists in adding a far-detuned light sheet to confine the atoms at the intersection between the bubble and the horizontal plane imposed by the light field – i.e. a ring. We present the implementation and optimization of this trap and demonstrate the possibility to prepare and observe superfluid currents in the ring. A second path exploits the centrifugal force and the anharmonicity of the adiabatic potential to create an effective Mexican hat potential by rotating the trapped atoms at the bottom of the bubble faster than the trap frequency. After having realized such a system, we probe its quadrupolar modes to characterize the rotation. The study of vortex distribution in the rotating gas also shows a thermal melting effect of the finite temperature vortex lattice.