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arXiv:cond-mat/0406341 · Physical Review A

Optically plugged quadrupole trap for Bose-Einstein condensates

D. Naik, Chandra Raman

Published Mar 14, 2005• 42 citations
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Abstract

We created sodium Bose-Einstein condensates in an optically plugged quadrupole magnetic trap. A focused, 532-nm laser beam repelled atoms from the coil center where Majorana loss is significant. We produced condensates containing up to $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ atoms, a factor of 60 improvement over previous work and a number comparable to the best all-magnetic traps, and transferred up to $9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms into a purely optical trap. We compare our observations with a simple model of evaporative cooling, concluding that a laser in the range of 1 W (rather than 5 W) may suffice.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.71.033617

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We created sodium Bose-Einstein condensates in an optically plugged quadrupole magnetic trap. A focused, 532-nm laser beam repelled atoms from the coil center where Majorana loss is significant. We produced condensates containing up to 3\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi1073\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}3\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi107 atoms, a factor of 60 improvement over previous work and a number comparable to the best all-magnetic traps, and transferred up to 9\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi1069\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}9\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi106 atoms into a purely optical trap. We compare our observations with a simple model of evaporative cooling, concluding that a laser in the range of 1 W (rather than 5 W) may suffice.
We experimentally produce the rubidium Bose—Einstein condensate in an optically plugged magnetic quadrupole trap. A far blue-detuned focused laser beam with a wavelength of 532 nm is plugged in the center of the magnetic quadrupole trap to increase the number of trapped atoms and to suppress the heating. An rf evaporative cooling in the magneto-optical hybrid trap is applied to decrease the atom temperature into degeneracy. The atom number of the condensate is 1.2(0.4) × 10 5 and the temperature is below 100 nK. We also study characteristic behaviors of the condensate, such as phase space density, condensate fraction and anisotropic expansion.
We demonstrate a fast production of large 23Na^{23}\mathrm{Na}23Na Bose-Einstein condensates in an optically plugged magnetic quadrupole trap. A single global minimum of the trapping potential is generated by slightly displacing the plug beam from the center of the quadrupole field. With a dark magneto-optical trap and a simple rf evaporation, our system produces a condensate with $N\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{7}$ atoms every 17 s. The Majorana loss rates and the resultant heating rates for various temperatures are measured with and without plugging. The average energy of a spin-flipped atom is almost linearly proportional to temperature and determined to be about 6060%60 of the average energy of a trapped atom. We present a numerical study of the evaporation dynamics in a plugged linear trap.
We describe an experiment to produce 87{}^{87}87Rb Bose-Einstein condensates in an optically plugged magnetic quadrupole trap, using a blue-detuned laser. Due to the large detuning of the plug laser with respect to the atomic transition, the evaporation has to be carefully optimized in order to efficiently overcome the Majorana losses. We provide a complete theoretical and experimental study of the trapping potential at low temperatures and show that this simple model describes our data well. In particular, we demonstrate methods to reliably measure the trap oscillation frequencies and the bottom frequency, based on periodic excitation of the trapping potential and on radio-frequency spectroscopy, respectively. We show that this hybrid trap can be operated in a well-controlled regime that allows a reliable production of degenerate gases.
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