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arXiv:cond-mat/0504749 · Physical Review Letters

Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Circular Waveguide

Subhadeep Gupta, Kater W. Murch, Kevin L. Moore, Thomas Purdy, Dan Stamper-Kurn

Published Sep 29, 2005• 330 citations
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Abstract

We have produced Bose-Einstein condensates in a ring-shaped magnetic waveguide. The few-millimeter diameter, nonzero-bias ring is formed from a time-averaged quadrupole ring. Condensates that propagate around the ring make several revolutions within the time it takes for them to expand to fill the ring. The ring shape is ideally suited for studies of vorticity in a multiply connected geometry and is promising as a rotation sensor.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.95.143201

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Cold atomic clouds and Bose-Einstein condensates have been stored in a 10cm10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{cm}10cm diameter vertically oriented magnetic ring. An azimuthal magnetic field enables low-loss propagation of atomic clouds over a total distance of 2m2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}2m, with a heating rate of less than 50nK∕s50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nK}∕\mathrm{s}50nK∕s. The vertical geometry was used to split an atomic cloud into two counter-rotating clouds which were recombined after one revolution. The system will be ideal for studying condensate collisions and ultimately Sagnac interferometry.
School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332(Dated: February 2, 2008)We have created a Bose-Einstein condensate whose spin orientation is metastable. Condensateswere transferred into a quadrupole magnetic trap, where Majorana transitions limited the lifetime toa few hundred milliseconds, about 30 times the trapping period. Atoms held in the trap frequentlydisplayed a ring-shaped time-of-flight distribution. We speculate that such a ring could be either aquantized vortex or a feature of the Majorana loss dynamics in the quantum regime.
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Interferometric measurements with matter waves are established techniques for sensitive gravimetry, rotation sensing, and measurement of surface interactions, but compact interferometers will require techniques based on trapped geometries. In a step towards the realisation of matter wave interferometers in toroidal geometries, we produce a large, smooth ring trap for Bose–Einstein condensates using rapidly scanned time-averaged dipole potentials. The trap potential is smoothed by using the atom distribution as input to an optical intensity correction algorithm. Smooth rings with a diameter up to 300 μ m are demonstrated. We experimentally observe and simulate the dispersion of condensed atoms in the resulting potential, with good agreement serving as an indication of trap smoothness. Under time of flight expansion we observe low energy excitations in the ring, which serves to constrain the lower frequency limit of the scanned potential technique. The resulting ring potential will have applications as a waveguide for atom interferometry and studies of superfluidity.