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arXiv:cond-mat/0306235 · Physical Review B

Charge-based quantum computing using single donors in semiconductors

Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg, Andrew S. Dzurak, Cameron J. Wellard, A. R. Hamilton, D. J. Reilly, Gerard J Milburn, R. G. Clark

Published Mar 11, 2004• 303 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Solid-state quantum computer architectures with qubits encoded using single atoms are now feasible given recent advances in the atomic doping of semiconductors. Here we present a charge qubit consisting of two dopant atoms in a semiconductor crystal, one of which is singly ionized. Surface electrodes control the qubit and a radio-frequency single-electron transistor provides fast readout. The calculated single gate times, of order 50 ps or less, are much shorter than the expected decoherence time. We propose universal one- and two-qubit gate operations for this system and discuss prospects for fabrication and scale up.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.69.113301

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Solid-state quantum computer architectures with qubits encoded using single atoms are now feasible given recent advances in the atomic doping of semiconductors. Here we present a charge qubit consisting of two dopant atoms in a semiconductor crystal, one of which is singly ionized. Surface electrodes control the qubit and a radio-frequency single-electron transistor provides fast readout. The calculated single gate times, of order 50 ps or less, are much shorter than the expected decoherence time. We propose universal one- and two-qubit gate operations for this system and discuss prospects for fabrication and scale up.
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We propose a large-scale quantum computer architecture based upon the regular arrays of dopant atoms implanted into the semiconductor host matrix. The singly-ionized pairs of donors represent charge qubits on which arbitrary quantum operations can be achieved by application of two strongly detuned laser pulses. The implementation of two-qubit operations as well as the qubit read-out utilize the intermediate circuit containing a probe electron that is able to shuttle along the array of ionized ancilla donors providing the indirect conditional coupling between the qubits. The quantum bus strategy enables us to handle the qubits connected in parallel and enhances the efficiency of the quantum information processing. We demonstrate that non-trivial multi-qubit operations in the quantum register (e.g., an entanglement generation) can be accomplished by the sequence of the optical pulses combined with an appropriate voltage gate pattern.
We present a new scheme for rotations of a charge qubit associated with a singly ionized pair of donor atoms in a semiconductor host. The logical states of such a qubit proposed recently by Hollenberg et al. [16] are defined by the lowest two energy states of the remaining valence electron localized around one or another donor. We show that an electron located initially at one donor site can be transferred to another donor site via an auxiliary molecular level formed upon the hybridization of the excited states of two donors. The electron transfer is driven by a single resonant microwave pulse in the case where the energies of the lowest donor states coincide or by two resonant pulses in the case where they differ from each other. Depending on the pulse parameters, various one-qubit operations—including the phase gate, the NOT gate, and the Hadamard gate—can be realized in short times. Decoherence of an electron due to the interaction with acoustic phonons is analyzed and shown to be weak enough for coherent qubit manipulation to be possible, at least in proof-of-principle experiments on one-qubit devices.
The gate-defined semiconductor quantum dot system, which can be manipulated electrically and fabricated using modern microelectronic technology, is considered as an ideal platform for quantum computation. The efficiency of quantum computation depends on the speed of gate operation. And charge qubit has quick operational speed and strong inter-qubit strength but with technical challenges. In this talk, I will introduce our experiments on ultrafast quantum control in semiconductor charge qubits including ultrafast universal quantum control of single charge qubit using LZS(Landau-Zener-Stückelberg) interference, conditional rotation of two strongly coupled qubits and static Toffoli gate of three qubits. Furthermore, to find a balance between coherence and operation speed we experimentally demonstrated tunable hybrid qubit in GaAs quantum dots system. Finally, we also focuse on cryogenic electronics for quantum computing, we have measured and modeled standard process CMOS at 77K, 4.2K and 300mK. CryoCMOS can be applied to the readout and control system of quantum chips in the future.