Secure key distribution by swapping quantum entanglement (4 pages)

Thomas Durt, Dagomir Kaszlikowski

Xiaoyu Li, Weimei Zhi

Sakshi Singh, Avdhesh Gupta, Anu Chaudhary

Key negotiation plays an important role in ensuring secure communication channel, and establishes confidentiality between parties. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) represents an advanced and highly secure method for distributing cryptographic keys between involved parties. Multiple QKD implementation possibilities have led to the upgrading of various QKD protocols. Quantum key distribution involves two types of protocols approaches prepare-and-measure and entanglement based, this paper focuses entanglement-based protocol. Prepare-and-measure protocols are vulnerable to certain attacks and have lower key generation rate as compared to entanglement based protocol. Entanglement is certified as a key element in the arena of quantum information processing, contributing in applications like quantum cryptography, quantum computation and quantum communication. Entanglement leads to the phenomenon known as entanglement swapping, entanglement swapping phenomenon involves parties getting entangled without interacting with each other. This research focuses on the advantages and the security provided by entanglement swapping in quantum key distribution. Blockchain also utilizes key distribution process with the involvement of classical cryptography. Classical cryptography blockchain are not quantum-resistant, blockchain with quantum computing infrastructure are more advance and secure. Implementing entanglement swapping in the infrastructure of blockchain can make the blockchain quantum-resistant to secure communication and transactions. Within this manuscript, we theoretically study the entanglement swapping of Bell states in quantum key distribution and propose an idea of blockchain with entanglement swapping to enhance quantum resistance. This study also explores the employing of entanglement swapping in cloud infrastructure.

Gian Luca Giorgi

Daegene Song

We report two key distribution schemes achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. Using two Bell states, two bits of secret key can be shared between two distant parties that play symmetric and equal roles. We also address eavesdropping attacks against the schemes.

黄鑫, 李书民, 王安民