Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:quant-ph/0305168 · Physical Review A

Secure key distribution by swapping quantum entanglement

Daegene Song

Published Mar 5, 2004• 57 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report two key distribution schemes achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. Using two Bell states, two bits of secret key can be shared between two distant parties that play symmetric and equal roles. We also address eavesdropping attacks against the schemes.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.69.034301

Related papers

Quantum Key Distribution Scheme with High Efficiency

Gan Gao

Based on entanglement swapping, a quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme is proposed. In this scheme, the secret keys are formed by comparing initial Bell states and outcomes of entanglement swapping. Moreover, all initial Bell states prepared by Alice and Bob are completely arbitrary. As the classical information exchanged between two parties is very little, this QKD scheme has a high efficiency. In addition, in order to prevent eavesdropping, decoy particles are used.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•May 1, 2009•24 citations

Multiparty key distribution and secret sharing based on entanglement swapping

Adán Cabello

A general proof of the security against eavesdropping of a previously introduced protocol for two-party quantum key distribution based on entanglement swapping [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 61}, 052312 (2000)] is provided. In addition, the protocol is extended to permit multiparty quantum key distribution and secret sharing of classical information.

arXiv:quant-ph/0009025•Sep 7, 2000•17 citations

Quantum Key Distribution Using Four-Qubit W State

Cao, Hai-Jing, Song +1 more

A new theoretical quantum key distribution scheme based on entanglement swapping is proposed, where four-qubit symmetric W state functions as quantum channel. It is shown that two legitimate users can secretly share a series of key bits by using Bell-state measurements and classical communication.

理论物理通讯：英文版•Jan 1, 2006•1 citation

Quantum Key Distribution Using Four-Qubit W State

Hai-Jing Cao, He‐Shan Song

A new theoretical quantum key distribution scheme based on entanglement swapping is proposed, where four-qubit symmetric W state functions as quantum channel. It is shown that two legitimate users can secretly share a series of key bits by using Bell-state measurements and classical communication.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Jul 1, 2006•6 citations

A New Quantum Communication Scheme by Using Bell States

Hai-Jing Cao, Jing Chen, He‐Shan Song

A new quantum communication scheme based on entanglement swapping is presented. Simplified calculation symbols are adopted to realize the process. Quantum key distribution and quantum secure direct communication can be simultaneously accomplished in the scheme. Two legitimate communicators can secretly share four certain key bits and four random key bits via three EPR pairs (quantum channels).

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Feb 1, 2006•8 citations

Advanced Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing using Entanglement Swapping

N.T.V. Luu, S. Shimamoto

A multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed to utilize the magic properties of entanglement swapping. In this scheme, a set of (2N-1) EPR pairs is used to encode and distribute a secret message to (N-1) parties. Each secret message will be split into (N-1) packets. By performing the local unitary operations and entanglement swapping, each classical bit packet will be encoded secretly into Bell states so no subset of parties but their entire cooperation can read out the original secret message. The security of this proposed scheme is also considered.

•Oct 24, 2006•1 citation
A multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed to utilize the magic properties of entanglement swapping. In this scheme, a set of (2N-1) EPR pairs is used to encode and distribute a secret message to (N-1) parties. Each secret message will be split into (N-1) packets. By performing the local unitary operations and entanglement swapping, each classical bit packet will be encoded secretly into Bell states so no subset of parties but their entire cooperation can read out the original secret message. The security of this proposed scheme is also considered.