A Modified Protocol of Quantum Key Distribution Based on Entanglement Swapping

Xiaoyu Li, Weimei Zhi

Nanrun Zhou, Lijun Wang, Li-Hua Gong +2 more

Dong Li, Junxi Wang, Xiao‐Ming Xiu +3 more

Xin Huang, Li Shu-Min, Wang An-Min

By comparing Cabello's addendum to his quantum key distribution protocol [Phys. Rev. A 64 (2001) 024301], we propose a more convenient modified protocol based on the entanglement swapping which is secure against the eavesdropping strategy addressed by Zhang et al. [Phys. Rev. A 63 (2001) 036301] and other existing types of attack.

Stefan Schauer, MARTIN SUDA

Li et al. presented a protocol [International Journal of Quantum Information4(6) (2006) 899–906] for quantum key distribution based on entanglement swapping. In this protocol, they use random and certain bits to construct a classical key, and they claim that this key is secure. In our article, we show that the protocol by Li et al. is insecure, presenting a new type of attack strategy which gives an adversary full information about the key without being detected. This strategy is based on entanglement swapping, too, and manages to preserve the correlation between the measurement results of the legitimate parties. Further, we present a modified version of the protocol and show that it is secure against this new attack strategy.

Sakshi Singh, Avdhesh Gupta, Anu Chaudhary

Key negotiation plays an important role in ensuring secure communication channel, and establishes confidentiality between parties. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) represents an advanced and highly secure method for distributing cryptographic keys between involved parties. Multiple QKD implementation possibilities have led to the upgrading of various QKD protocols. Quantum key distribution involves two types of protocols approaches prepare-and-measure and entanglement based, this paper focuses entanglement-based protocol. Prepare-and-measure protocols are vulnerable to certain attacks and have lower key generation rate as compared to entanglement based protocol. Entanglement is certified as a key element in the arena of quantum information processing, contributing in applications like quantum cryptography, quantum computation and quantum communication. Entanglement leads to the phenomenon known as entanglement swapping, entanglement swapping phenomenon involves parties getting entangled without interacting with each other. This research focuses on the advantages and the security provided by entanglement swapping in quantum key distribution. Blockchain also utilizes key distribution process with the involvement of classical cryptography. Classical cryptography blockchain are not quantum-resistant, blockchain with quantum computing infrastructure are more advance and secure. Implementing entanglement swapping in the infrastructure of blockchain can make the blockchain quantum-resistant to secure communication and transactions. Within this manuscript, we theoretically study the entanglement swapping of Bell states in quantum key distribution and propose an idea of blockchain with entanglement swapping to enhance quantum resistance. This study also explores the employing of entanglement swapping in cloud infrastructure.