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Optics & Laser Technology

Enhancing atomic resonance of FM-NMOR magnetometers by manipulating hyperfine spectroscopy

Changhao Zhang, Liwei Jiang, Jiali Liu, Junlin Chen, Jiaqi Yang, Chi Fang, Jianli Li, 刘伍明

Published Sep 22, 2026• 0 citations
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DOI
10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.116481

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Using the techniques of microelectromechanical systems, we are developing chip-scale atomic sensors based on laser excitation of alkali atoms. Recently, we demonstrated a magnetometer physics package based on coherent population trapping that had a sensitivity of 50 pT/Hzfrac12at 10 Hz, had a volume of 12 mm3, and used 195 mW of power as presented by Schwindt et al. (2004). To improve the sensitivity and reduce the power consumption of the magnetometer, we are evaluating other methods of interrogating the atoms for use in microfabricated devices. One of these methods uses frequency modulated nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (FM NMOR). We demonstrate that an FM NMOR magnetometer can be made to self-oscillate, offering simple construction and low power consumption
Abstract Polarization moments play a crucial role in measuring magnetic fields for nonlinear magneto‐optical rotation (NMOR) atomic magnetometers. However, it is challenging to distinguish between each polarization moment and evaluate its effect on the magnetic resonance response signal in an alkali vapor cell with buffer gas. To address this issue, a method is proposed to identify different polarization moments through the frequency shift of the magnetic resonance response signal. The proportion of each polarization moment is determined, and it is demonstrated that the magnetic resonance response signal is affected by the hexadecapole moment, resulting in a frequency shift and a decrease in signal amplitude. To mitigate this effect, an approach is investigated to manipulate the polarization moments by flipping the phase of the pump light. Ultimately, a 15.19% increase in response amplitude is achieved in the simulated geomagnetic environment within the magnetic shield barrel. The theory and method presented here provide strong support for the study of the polarization moments in an alkali vapor cell with buffer gas, which potentially enhance the performance of NMOR atomic magnetometers.