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Sensors and Actuators A Physical

Dead-zone suppression method of NMOR atomic magnetometers based on alignment and orientation polarization

Mengnan Tian, Liwei Jiang, Xin Hui Zhao, Yanchao Chai, Jiali Liu, Zhenglong Lu, Wei Quan

Published Sep 2, 2024• 9 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.sna.2024.115842

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Abstract Nonlinear magneto‐optical rotation (NMOR) atomic magnetometer has extreme precision and sensitivity. However, atomic magnetometer suffers from the problem of dead zone that the sensitive signal decays to zero if the magnetic field is along some specific directions relative to the sensor. In this paper, a new scheme based on excitation of dual‐axis magnetic pulse is presented to eliminate the dead zone of NMOR atomic magnetometer. The magnetic field measurement is based on the mode of free induction decay (FID), which allows pumping and detecting stages to be separated without interference from magnetic pulse. The dead zone model is developed for NMOR atomic magnetometer from the mechanism of interaction between optical field and polarized atoms. To eliminate the dead zone of NMOR atomic magnetometer, the response model with dual‐axis magnetic pulse excitation is established by using the density matrix theory for bias magnetic field in arbitrary direction. Then the proposed method of suppressing the dead zone is examined in the experiment, which is in agreement with the developed model. The results show that the method can effectively eliminate the dead zone of NMOR atomic magnetometer, which is of great significance to measurement of magnetic field in complex magnetic environment with variable direction.

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Dead-Zone-Free Atomic Magnetometry with Simultaneous Excitation of Orientation and Alignment Resonances

Amit Ben-Kish, Michael V. Romalis

Atomic magnetometers have very high absolute precision and sensitivity to magnetic fields but suffer from a fundamental problem: the vectorial or tensorial interaction of light with atoms leads to "dead zones," certain orientations of the magnetic field where the magnetometer loses its sensitivity. We demonstrate a simple polarization modulation scheme that simultaneously creates coherent population trapping (CPT) in orientation and alignment, thereby eliminating dead zones. Using 87Rb in a 10 Torr buffer gas cell we measure narrow, high-contrast CPT transparency peaks for all orientations and also show the absence of systematic effects associated with nonlinear Zeeman splitting.

arXiv:1001.0345•Physical Review Letters•Nov 4, 2010•87 citations
Abstract Nonlinear magneto‐optical rotation (NMOR) atomic magnetometer has extreme precision and sensitivity. However, atomic magnetometer suffers from the problem of dead zone that the sensitive signal decays to zero if the magnetic field is along some specific directions relative to the sensor. In this paper, a new scheme based on excitation of dual‐axis magnetic pulse is presented to eliminate the dead zone of NMOR atomic magnetometer. The magnetic field measurement is based on the mode of free induction decay (FID), which allows pumping and detecting stages to be separated without interference from magnetic pulse. The dead zone model is developed for NMOR atomic magnetometer from the mechanism of interaction between optical field and polarized atoms. To eliminate the dead zone of NMOR atomic magnetometer, the response model with dual‐axis magnetic pulse excitation is established by using the density matrix theory for bias magnetic field in arbitrary direction. Then the proposed method of suppressing the dead zone is examined in the experiment, which is in agreement with the developed model. The results show that the method can effectively eliminate the dead zone of NMOR atomic magnetometer, which is of great significance to measurement of magnetic field in complex magnetic environment with variable direction.
Atomic magnetometers have very high absolute precision and sensitivity to magnetic fields but suffer from a fundamental problem: the vectorial or tensorial interaction of light with atoms leads to "dead zones," certain orientations of the magnetic field where the magnetometer loses its sensitivity. We demonstrate a simple polarization modulation scheme that simultaneously creates coherent population trapping (CPT) in orientation and alignment, thereby eliminating dead zones. Using 87Rb in a 10 Torr buffer gas cell we measure narrow, high-contrast CPT transparency peaks for all orientations and also show the absence of systematic effects associated with nonlinear Zeeman splitting.