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The European Physical Journal C

Symmetry resolved quantum correlations under Hawking radiation in Schwarzschild spacetime

Wajid Joyia, M. A. Khan, Asif Ilyas, Amal M. Alkhudaydi

Published Jul 29, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We investigate the behavior of quantum correlations and quantum uncertainty in tripartite systems subjected to Hawking radiation in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole. By considering different bipartitions of accessible and inaccessible field modes separated by the event horizon, we analyze three complementary quantum information measures: the symmetry resolved entanglement entropy (SREE), the quantum speed limit (QSL), and the Wigner Yanase Skew information (SI). Our analysis shows that the QSL decreases monotonically with increasing Hawking temperature, indicating that Hawking radiation enhances the distinguishability of the reduced quantum states along the Hawking radiation trajectory. In contrast, the skew information decreases only for partitions composed solely of accessible modes, reflecting a reduction in local quantum uncertainty caused by thermal mixing. The SREE, however, decreases only when the subsystem includes the inaccessible inside horizon mode of Alice, revealing a suppression of symmetry sector mixing due to the redistribution of entanglement across the horizon. These results demonstrate that Hawking radiation does not simply degrade quantum correlations but instead redistributes them between accessible and inaccessible sectors of the field. The combined analysis of SREE, SI, and QSL therefore provides a unified perspective on how relativistic effects reshape quantum information in curved spacetime.

DOI
10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16140-x

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Abstract We investigate the behavior of quantum correlations and quantum uncertainty in tripartite systems subjected to Hawking radiation in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole. By considering different bipartitions of accessible and inaccessible field modes separated by the event horizon, we analyze three complementary quantum information measures: the symmetry resolved entanglement entropy (SREE), the quantum speed limit (QSL), and the Wigner Yanase Skew information (SI). Our analysis shows that the QSL decreases monotonically with increasing Hawking temperature, indicating that Hawking radiation enhances the distinguishability of the reduced quantum states along the Hawking radiation trajectory. In contrast, the skew information decreases only for partitions composed solely of accessible modes, reflecting a reduction in local quantum uncertainty caused by thermal mixing. The SREE, however, decreases only when the subsystem includes the inaccessible inside horizon mode of Alice, revealing a suppression of symmetry sector mixing due to the redistribution of entanglement across the horizon. These results demonstrate that Hawking radiation does not simply degrade quantum correlations but instead redistributes them between accessible and inaccessible sectors of the field. The combined analysis of SREE, SI, and QSL therefore provides a unified perspective on how relativistic effects reshape quantum information in curved spacetime.
Abstract We investigate the coherence of mixed Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) and W states for bosonic and fermionic fields when a subset of n ( n < N ) qubits experiences Hawking radiation near a Schwarzschild black hole. Analytical expressions are derived for the coherence of mixed N-qubit systems, including both the physically accessible and inaccessible parts in curved spacetime. The results show that the mixed W state maintains its coherence more effectively than the GHZ state as the Hawking temperature increases, even though its entanglement is weaker. As the number of qubits grows, W-state coherence becomes increasingly resistant to gravitational decoherence. Furthermore, fermionic fields preserve stronger entanglement, while bosonic fields retain higher coherence, highlighting a clear contrast between different particle statistics. These findings demonstrate how the Schwarzschild spacetime reshapes the balance between quantum coherence and entanglement, offering guidance for future relativistic quantum information applications.
In this Letter, we analytically explore the effect of the Hawking radiation on the quantum correlation and Bell non-locality for Dirac particles in the background of Schwarzschild black hole. It is shown that when the Hawking effect is almost nonexistent, corresponding to the case of an almost extreme black hole, the quantum properties of physically accessible state are the same for the initial situation. For finite Hawking temperature T, the accessible quantum correlation monotonously decreases along with increasing T owing to the thermal fields generated by the Hawking effect, and the accessible quantum non-locality will be disappeared when the Hawking temperature is more than a fixed value which increases with the parameter r of Werner state growing. Then we analyze the redistribution of quantum correlation, and find that for the case of the Hawking temperature being infinite, corresponding to the case of the black hole evaporating completely, the quantum correlation of physically accessible state is equal to the one of the inaccessible states. Moreover, due to the Pauli exclusion principle and the differences between Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein statistics, for the Dirac fields the accessible classical correlation decreases with increase of the Hawking temperature, which is different for the scalar fields. For Bell non-locality, we also find that the quantum non-locality is always extinct for physically inaccessible states, and the strength of the non-locality decreases with enlarging intensity of Hawking effect when the non-locality is existent in physically accessible state.
Abstract In the past two decades, the exploration of quantumness within Schwarzschild spacetime has garnered significant interest, particularly regarding the Hawking radiation’s impact on quantum correlations and quantum coherence. Building on this foundation, we investigate how Hawking radiation influences maximal steered coherence (MSC)-a crucial measure for gauging the ability to generate coherence through steering. We find that as the Hawking temperature increases, the physically accessible MSC degrade while the unaccessible MSC increase. This observation is attributed to a redistribution of the initial quantum correlations, previously acknowledged by inertial observers, across all bipartite modes. In particular, we find that in limit case that the Hawking temperature tends to infinity, the accessible MSC equals to 1/21/\sqrt{2}1/2​ 1 / 2 of its initial value, and the unaccessible MSC between mode A and B‾\overline{B}B B ¯ also equals to the same value. Our findings illuminate the intricate dynamics of quantum information in the vicinity of black holes, suggesting that Hawking radiation plays a pivotal role in reshaping the landscape of quantum coherence and entanglement in curved spacetime. This study not only advances our theoretical understanding of black hole thermodynamics but also opens new avenues for investigating the interface between quantum mechanics and general relativity.
ABSTRACT We investigate the influence of the Hawking effect on quantum entanglement by incorporating the spin degrees of freedom of Dirac fields in the background of a Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger (GHS) dilaton black hole. By analyzing the redistribution of correlations between causally accessible and inaccessible regions, we obtain analytical results showing that, as the dilaton increases, the physically accessible spin entanglement decreases monotonically while the inaccessible counterpart grows correspondingly, revealing a constrained transfer of quantum correlations across the event horizon rather than independent creation or destruction. From an information‐theoretic perspective, we demonstrate that the Hawking effect does not permit arbitrary redistribution of spin entanglement, but instead enforces a well‐defined monogamy relation that strictly governs how entanglement is shared among different bipartitions under gravitational evolution. These results indicate that the correlations initially shared by the observers are redistributed between accessible and inaccessible sectors through the Hawking‐induced Bogoliubov transformation, providing further insight into the structure of spin quantum correlations in curved spacetime and the role of horizon‐induced effects in reshaping quantum correlations. PACS numbers: 04.70.Dy, 03.65.Ud,04.62.+v
The effect of Hawking radiation on the redistribution of the entanglement and mutual information in the Schwarzschild spacetime is investigated. Our analysis shows that the physically accessible correlations degrade while the unaccessible correlations increase as the Hawking temperature increases because the initial correlations described by inertial observers are redistributed between all the bipartite modes. It is interesting to note that, in the limit case that the temperature tends to infinity, the accessible mutual information equals to just half of its initial value, and the unaccessible mutual information between mode A and II also equals to the same value.
The genuine entanglement of Dirac fields for an N-partite system is investigated in Schwarzschild spacetime and the analysis is carried out using the single-mode approximation. Due to the Hawking effect, quantum entanglement is divided into two parts physically accessible and inaccessible entanglement. We obtain a general analytic expression of genuine N-partite entanglement that includes all accessible and inaccessible entanglement in a Schwarzschild black hole. Unlike bosonic entanglement, the accessible N-partite entanglement of Dirac fields monotonically decreases to a nonzero value with the Hawking temperature. Interestingly, the inaccessible N-partite entanglement is a monotonic or non-monotonic function of the Hawking temperature, depending on the ratio between accessible and inaccessible modes, in contrast to bipartite or tripartite entanglement that is only a monotonic function of the Hawking temperature. Finally, we obtain two restrictive relationships for the quantum information of the black hole. This conclusion provides a new understanding of Hawking effect of the black hole.