The effect of Hawking radiation on the redistribution of the entanglement and mutual information in the Schwarzschild spacetime is investigated. Our analysis shows that the physically accessible correlations degrade while the unaccessible correlations increase as the Hawking temperature increases because the initial correlations described by inertial observers are redistributed between all the bipartite modes. It is interesting to note that, in the limit case that the temperature tends to infinity, the accessible mutual information equals to just half of its initial value, and the unaccessible mutual information between mode A and II also equals to the same value.
The effect of Hawking radiation on the redistribution of the entanglement and mutual information in the Schwarzschild spacetime is investigated. Our analysis shows that the physically accessible correlations degrade while the unaccessible correlations increase as the Hawking temperature increases because the initial correlations described by inertial observers are redistributed between all the bipartite modes. It is interesting to note that, in the limit case that the temperature tends to infinity, the accessible mutual information equals to just half of its initial value, and the unaccessible mutual information between mode A and II also equals to the same value.
Abstract We investigate the behavior of quantum correlations and quantum uncertainty in tripartite systems subjected to Hawking radiation in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole. By considering different bipartitions of accessible and inaccessible field modes separated by the event horizon, we analyze three complementary quantum information measures: the symmetry resolved entanglement entropy (SREE), the quantum speed limit (QSL), and the Wigner Yanase Skew information (SI). Our analysis shows that the QSL decreases monotonically with increasing Hawking temperature, indicating that Hawking radiation enhances the distinguishability of the reduced quantum states along the Hawking radiation trajectory. In contrast, the skew information decreases only for partitions composed solely of accessible modes, reflecting a reduction in local quantum uncertainty caused by thermal mixing. The SREE, however, decreases only when the subsystem includes the inaccessible inside horizon mode of Alice, revealing a suppression of symmetry sector mixing due to the redistribution of entanglement across the horizon. These results demonstrate that Hawking radiation does not simply degrade quantum correlations but instead redistributes them between accessible and inaccessible sectors of the field. The combined analysis of SREE, SI, and QSL therefore provides a unified perspective on how relativistic effects reshape quantum information in curved spacetime.
Abstract In the past two decades, the exploration of quantumness within Schwarzschild spacetime has garnered significant interest, particularly regarding the Hawking radiation’s impact on quantum correlations and quantum coherence. Building on this foundation, we investigate how Hawking radiation influences maximal steered coherence (MSC)-a crucial measure for gauging the ability to generate coherence through steering. We find that as the Hawking temperature increases, the physically accessible MSC degrade while the unaccessible MSC increase. This observation is attributed to a redistribution of the initial quantum correlations, previously acknowledged by inertial observers, across all bipartite modes. In particular, we find that in limit case that the Hawking temperature tends to infinity, the accessible MSC equals to 1/2 1 / 2 of its initial value, and the unaccessible MSC between mode A and B B ¯ also equals to the same value. Our findings illuminate the intricate dynamics of quantum information in the vicinity of black holes, suggesting that Hawking radiation plays a pivotal role in reshaping the landscape of quantum coherence and entanglement in curved spacetime. This study not only advances our theoretical understanding of black hole thermodynamics but also opens new avenues for investigating the interface between quantum mechanics and general relativity.
Quantum mutual information is a fundamental quantity for characterizing correlations among quantum systems. In this work, we investigate the dynamic evolution of the quantum mutual information based on Rényi-2 entropy for three-mode Gaussian states in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole. We find that the physically inaccessible mutual information increases with Hawking temperature and eventually saturates, while the physically accessible mutual information exhibits nonmonotonic temperature dependence: it first rises, reaches a peak, then declines toward a finite asymptotic value. This nonmonotonic behavior differs from the monotonic degradation typically observed for Gaussian entanglement and steering in curved spacetime. Furthermore, we establish several constraint relations governing the distribution of mutual information among subsystems. These findings contribute to understanding the quantumness of quantum correlations for continuous variable in Schwarzschild spacetime.
In this paper, the effect of Hawking radiation on the multipartite entanglement of Dirac particles in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole is investigated. It is shown that all the 1-tangles decrease as the Hawking temperature grows, and the Coffman--Kundu--Wootters monogamy inequality is always saturated in this system. It is also shown that the entanglement's status of subsystems, which have the same quantum state, depend on its detector's position, and this proposition can be generalized to a multipartite system. Then, we find that the Hawking effect does not change the entanglement structure of the quantum state in Schwarzschild space-time. In addition, we discuss the distributions of quantum information and find that not only is the entanglement redistributed, but also the mutual information is distributed to the physical inaccessible region. At last, we calculate the mutual information of a N-qubit multipartite system, ${|\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Psi}}⟩}_{123\dots{}N}={(\ensuremath{\beta}{|0⟩}^{\ensuremath{\bigotimes}N}+\sqrt{1\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}}{|1⟩}^{\ensuremath{\bigotimes}N})}_{123\dots{}N}$, and draw a conclusion that when the black hole approximates to evaporate completely the mutual information of this system will be close to $(N\ensuremath{-}1)/N$ of the original if a particle freely falls in toward a Schwarzschild black hole and locates near the event horizon, and the other particles remain in the asymptotically flat region.
In this Letter, we analytically explore the effect of the Hawking radiation on the quantum correlation and Bell non-locality for Dirac particles in the background of Schwarzschild black hole. It is shown that when the Hawking effect is almost nonexistent, corresponding to the case of an almost extreme black hole, the quantum properties of physically accessible state are the same for the initial situation. For finite Hawking temperature T, the accessible quantum correlation monotonously decreases along with increasing T owing to the thermal fields generated by the Hawking effect, and the accessible quantum non-locality will be disappeared when the Hawking temperature is more than a fixed value which increases with the parameter r of Werner state growing. Then we analyze the redistribution of quantum correlation, and find that for the case of the Hawking temperature being infinite, corresponding to the case of the black hole evaporating completely, the quantum correlation of physically accessible state is equal to the one of the inaccessible states. Moreover, due to the Pauli exclusion principle and the differences between Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein statistics, for the Dirac fields the accessible classical correlation decreases with increase of the Hawking temperature, which is different for the scalar fields. For Bell non-locality, we also find that the quantum non-locality is always extinct for physically inaccessible states, and the strength of the non-locality decreases with enlarging intensity of Hawking effect when the non-locality is existent in physically accessible state.
The effect of the Hawking temperature on the entanglement and teleportation for the scalar field in a most general, static, and asymptotically flat black hole with spherical symmetry has been investigated. It has been shown that the same ``initial entanglement'' for the state parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and its ``normalized partners'' $\sqrt{1\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}}$ will be degraded by the Hawking effect with increasing Hawking temperature along two different trajectories except for the maximally entangled state. In the infinite Hawking temperature limit, corresponding to the case of the black hole evaporating completely, the state no longer has distillable entanglement for any $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. It is interesting to note that the mutual information in this limit is equal to just half of the ``initially mutual information.'' It has also been demonstrated that the fidelity of teleportation decreases as the Hawking temperature increases, which indicates the degradation of entanglement.