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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Spin Entanglement Sharing in Dilaton Spacetime

Rui Bao, Shu-Min Wu

Published Sep 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

ABSTRACT We investigate the influence of the Hawking effect on quantum entanglement by incorporating the spin degrees of freedom of Dirac fields in the background of a Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger (GHS) dilaton black hole. By analyzing the redistribution of correlations between causally accessible and inaccessible regions, we obtain analytical results showing that, as the dilaton increases, the physically accessible spin entanglement decreases monotonically while the inaccessible counterpart grows correspondingly, revealing a constrained transfer of quantum correlations across the event horizon rather than independent creation or destruction. From an information‐theoretic perspective, we demonstrate that the Hawking effect does not permit arbitrary redistribution of spin entanglement, but instead enforces a well‐defined monogamy relation that strictly governs how entanglement is shared among different bipartitions under gravitational evolution. These results indicate that the correlations initially shared by the observers are redistributed between accessible and inaccessible sectors through the Hawking‐induced Bogoliubov transformation, providing further insight into the structure of spin quantum correlations in curved spacetime and the role of horizon‐induced effects in reshaping quantum correlations. PACS numbers: 04.70.Dy, 03.65.Ud,04.62.+v

DOI
10.1002/qute.70444

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ABSTRACT We investigate the influence of the Hawking effect on quantum entanglement by incorporating the spin degrees of freedom of Dirac fields in the background of a Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger (GHS) dilaton black hole. By analyzing the redistribution of correlations between causally accessible and inaccessible regions, we obtain analytical results showing that, as the dilaton increases, the physically accessible spin entanglement decreases monotonically while the inaccessible counterpart grows correspondingly, revealing a constrained transfer of quantum correlations across the event horizon rather than independent creation or destruction. From an information‐theoretic perspective, we demonstrate that the Hawking effect does not permit arbitrary redistribution of spin entanglement, but instead enforces a well‐defined monogamy relation that strictly governs how entanglement is shared among different bipartitions under gravitational evolution. These results indicate that the correlations initially shared by the observers are redistributed between accessible and inaccessible sectors through the Hawking‐induced Bogoliubov transformation, providing further insight into the structure of spin quantum correlations in curved spacetime and the role of horizon‐induced effects in reshaping quantum correlations. PACS numbers: 04.70.Dy, 03.65.Ud,04.62.+v
We investigate the quantum entanglement properties of the Dirac field near a charged Reissner--Nordström black hole, incorporating the effects of Hawking radiation within the framework of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Using concurrence C C C and Bures distance B B B as measures of entanglement, we analyze how quantum correlations evolve with respect to the electric charge Q Q Q of the black hole, the frequency ω ωω of fermionic modes, and the initial entanglement angle θ θθ. Our results show that the electric charge Q Q Q enhances decoherence inside the event horizon while, counterintuitively, temporarily increasing accessible entanglement outside. The Hawking effect induces an apparent loss of entanglement for an external observer, due to correlation transfer to inaccessible regions. High-frequency modes ω ωω exhibit greater resilience to gravitational effects, maintaining robust correlations near the horizon. These findings highlight the redistribution of entanglement in a multipartite system in curved spacetime, with significant implications for quantum information in relativistic and gravitational contexts.
We investigate the quantum entanglement properties of the Dirac field near a charged Reissner–Nordström black hole, incorporating the effects of Hawking radiation within the framework of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Using concurrence C and Bures distance B as measures of entanglement, we analyze how quantum correlations evolve with respect to the electric charge Q of the black hole, the frequency ω of fermionic modes, and the initial entanglement angle θ . Our results show that the electric charge Q enhances decoherence inside the event horizon while, counterintuitively, temporarily increasing accessible entanglement outside. The Hawking effect induces an apparent loss of entanglement for an external observer, due to correlation transfer to inaccessible regions. High-frequency modes ω exhibit greater resilience to gravitational effects, maintaining robust correlations near the horizon. These findings highlight the redistribution of entanglement in a multipartite system in curved spacetime, with significant implications for quantum information in relativistic and gravitational contexts.
We investigate the influence of the Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GHS) dilaton black hole on different quantum resources of Dirac fields beyond the single-mode approximation. By employing the negativity to characterize quantum entanglement and the l1l_1l1​-norm and the relative entropy of coherence to characterize quantum coherence, we demonstrate that these resources exhibit remarkably different responses to the gravitational field. Specifically, increasing the dilaton parameter continuously suppresses quantum entanglement, leaving only a finite residual amount in the strong-gravity regime, whereas quantum coherence is enhanced, indicating that the dilaton-induced spacetime affects nonlocal quantum correlations and local quantum superposition in fundamentally different ways. Furthermore, we show that an initially maximally entangled state does not always possess the largest negativity after propagating in the GHS dilaton spacetime; instead, under appropriate conditions, certain non-maximally entangled states can retain stronger entanglement than the maximally entangled one. These findings reveal the resource-dependent nature of gravitational effects in dilaton black hole backgrounds and provide new insights into the manipulation and protection of quantum resources for relativistic quantum information processing in curved spacetime.
Abstract We investigate the behavior of quantum correlations and quantum uncertainty in tripartite systems subjected to Hawking radiation in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole. By considering different bipartitions of accessible and inaccessible field modes separated by the event horizon, we analyze three complementary quantum information measures: the symmetry resolved entanglement entropy (SREE), the quantum speed limit (QSL), and the Wigner Yanase Skew information (SI). Our analysis shows that the QSL decreases monotonically with increasing Hawking temperature, indicating that Hawking radiation enhances the distinguishability of the reduced quantum states along the Hawking radiation trajectory. In contrast, the skew information decreases only for partitions composed solely of accessible modes, reflecting a reduction in local quantum uncertainty caused by thermal mixing. The SREE, however, decreases only when the subsystem includes the inaccessible inside horizon mode of Alice, revealing a suppression of symmetry sector mixing due to the redistribution of entanglement across the horizon. These results demonstrate that Hawking radiation does not simply degrade quantum correlations but instead redistributes them between accessible and inaccessible sectors of the field. The combined analysis of SREE, SI, and QSL therefore provides a unified perspective on how relativistic effects reshape quantum information in curved spacetime.
Abstract With the complexity of information tasks, the bipartite and tripartite entanglement can no longer meet our needs, and we need more entangled particles to process relativistic quantum information. In this paper, we study the genuine N-partite entanglement and distributed relationships for Dirac fields in the background of dilaton black holes. We present the general analytical expression including all physically accessible and inaccessible entanglement in curved spacetime. We find that the accessible N-partite entanglement exhibits irreversible decoherence as the increase of black hole’s dilaton, and on the other hand the inaccessible N-partite entanglement increases from zero monotonically or non-monotonically, depending on the relative numbers of the accessible to the inaccessible modes, which forms a sharp contrast with the cases of bipartite and tripartite entanglement where the inaccessible entanglement increase only monotonically. We also find two distributed relationships between accessible and inaccessible N-partite entanglement in curved spacetime. The results give us a new understanding of the Hawking radiation.
Abstract We study the dynamics of Gaussian quantum steering in the background of a Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger dilaton black hole. It is found that the gravity induced by dilaton field will destroy the quantum steerability between the inertial observer Alice and the observer Bob who hovers outside the event horizon, while it generates steering-type quantum correlations between the causally disconnected regions. Therefore, the observers can steer each other’s state by local measurements even though they are separated by the event horizon. Unlike quantum entanglement in the dilaton spacetime, the quantum steering experiences catastrophic behaviors such as “sudden death” and “sudden birth” with increasing dilaton charge. In addition, the dilaton gravity destroys the symmetry of Gaussian steering and the latter is always asymmetric in the dilation spacetime. Interestingly, the attainment of maximal steering asymmetry indicates the critical point between one-way and two-way steering for the two-mode Gaussian state in the dilaton spacetime.