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Laser Physics Letters

Enhancing quantum battery capacity through local bipartite projective measurement

Xie Chuanmei, Senbo Tian, Jianlan Chen, 尹晓峰

Published Jun 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Quantum batteries, as an important energy storage system in the future, are of vital importance to practical applications. However, due to the interaction between the quantum battery system and the environment, the battery capacity will decline. Then how to increase the capacity of quantum batteries becomes crucial. In this paper, we propose a new scheme via a local bipartite projective measurement to enhance the quantum battery capacity (QBC). Initially, two Werner states are taken as the carriers of the quantum batteries. Performing a local bipartite projective measurement performed on the two initially Werner states, a final state as a new quantum battery carrier can be realized. It is found that the QBC in the final state can be larger than those in the two initial states. That is to say, the enhancement of QBC can be realized via the local bipartite projective measurement.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/ae76fb

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Abstract Quantum batteries, as an important energy storage system in the future, are of vital importance to practical applications. However, due to the interaction between the quantum battery system and the environment, the battery capacity will decline. Then how to increase the capacity of quantum batteries becomes crucial. In this paper, we propose a new scheme via a local bipartite projective measurement to enhance the quantum battery capacity (QBC). Initially, two Werner states are taken as the carriers of the quantum batteries. Performing a local bipartite projective measurement performed on the two initially Werner states, a final state as a new quantum battery carrier can be realized. It is found that the QBC in the final state can be larger than those in the two initial states. That is to say, the enhancement of QBC can be realized via the local bipartite projective measurement.
Quantum batteries have significant potential applications for future industry and daily life. The capacity is an important indicator for a battery. Methods to improve the capacity of quantum batteries are important. We consider quantum batteries given by bipartite quantum systems and study the enhancement of the battery capacity under local projective measurements on a subsystem of the quantum state. By using two-qubit Bell-diagonal states and XXX-type states as examples, we show that quantum battery capacity with respect to the whole system or a subsystem can be improved by local projective measurements. Our theoretical analysis will provide ideas for the experimental development of quantum batteries.
Abstract The impact of local von Neumann measurements on quantum battery capacity is investigated in tripartite quantum systems. Two measurement‐based protocols are proposed and the concept of optimal local projective operators is introduced. Specifically, explicit analytical expressions are derived for the protocols when applied to general three‐qubit ‐states. Furthermore, the negative effects of white noise and dephasing noise on quantum battery capacity are analyzed, proving that optimal local projective operators can improve the robustness of subsystem and total system capacity against both noise types for the general tripartite ‐state. The performance of different schemes in capacity enhancement are numerically validated through detailed examples and it is found that these optimized operators can effectively enhance both subsystem and total system battery capacity. The results indicate that the local von Neumann measurement is a powerful tool to enhance the battery capacity in multipartite quantum systems.
First, we investigate the trade-off relations of quantum battery capacities in two-qubit system. We find that the sum of subsystem battery capacity is governed by the total system capacity, with this trade-off relation persisting for a class of Hamiltonians, including Ising, XX, XXZ and XXX models. Then building on this relation, we define residual battery capacity for general quantum states and establish coherent/incoherent components of subsystem battery capacity. Furthermore, we introduce the protocol to guide the selection of appropriate incoherent unitary operations for enhancing subsystem battery capacity in specific scenarios, along with a sufficient condition for achieving subsystem capacity gain through unitary operation. Numerical examples validate the feasibility of the incoherent operation protocol. Additionally, for the three-qubit system, we also established a set of theories and results parallel to those for two-qubit case. Finally, we determine the minimum time required to enhance subsystem battery capacity via a single incoherent operation in our protocol. Our findings contribute to the development of quantum battery theory and quantum energy storage systems.
We propose and analyze the charging and discharging processes of measurement-assisted quant um batteries, exploring how different measurement schemes affect their performance. It is found that applying projective measurements with a general basis and optimizing the measurement parameters can enhance the battery's performance, including increases in both charging energy and ergotropy. Compared to local measurement schemes, the quantum battery exhibits significantly improved performance under nonlocal measurement schemes. However, this performance improvement comes at the cost of higher resource expenditure in nonlocal schemes. Additionally, the quantum battery can function as a quantum energy source, driving the qubit-resonator system to facilitate energy pumping. Our findings provide deeper insights into the fundamental properties of quantum batteries driven by quantum measurements, offering a pathway toward the design of more efficient and controllable quantum battery systems.
Batteries are fundamental components of nowadays technologies and play a crucial role in our daily lives. Varying greatly in size and capacity, they are devices capable of storing energy, supplied from an external system, and releasing it in a controlled manner to a user system. Despite the impressive technological improvements over the past two centuries, the batteries we currently use still rely on the electrochemical principles exploited by A. Volta at the end of the 18th century. However, the constant miniaturization of electronic devices calls for the realization of increasingly smaller batteries, down to sizes comparable to those of molecules and atoms. At these scales, quantum effects must be taken into account. It is therefore necessary to reconsider energy manipulation within the framework of quantum thermodynamics, a research field that aims to extend the laws of classical thermodynamics and non-equilibrium statistical physics to systems where quantum effects become significant. In this context, the possibility to properly characterize the energetics of miniaturized thermal machines represented a major boost for the development of quantum technologies devoted to energy storage and manipulation. This Thesis explores solid-state quantum batteries, bridging theoretical models with experimental simulations. Key contributions include the simulation of few-level QBs on IBM quantum hardware, demonstrating the viability of superconducting circuits for energy tasks. The work introduces a cyclic QB model where quantum correlations enable efficiencies exceeding 50%, and examines a harmonic oscillator battery where non-Markovian dynamics facilitate ultra-fast charging. Finally, a novel implementation based on Graphene Josephson Junctions is proposed to realize a Dicke quantum battery. These results highlight the potential of quantum technologies for the future of miniaturized energy storage.
The advent of quantum batteries (QBs) has coincided with the accelerated progress in quantum science and technology. Here, we propose a novel double-cavity QB design, wherein the maximum charging power can be enhanced to N2.5{N}^{2.5}N2.5 times or even higher, up to N3{N}^{3}N3 times, through the manipulation of atomic distribution, which surpasses the upper limit of N2{N}^{2}N2 reported in previous study. The advantage of this manipulation is pronounced with an increasing number of atoms in the QB. A significant atom number discrepancy between the two cavities results in the simultaneous optimization of charging power and battery capacity, thereby enhancing charging efficiency without compromising energy storage capacity. Additionally, by modulating the number of atoms within each cavity, the QB is theoretically capable of transitioning between ``fast charging'' and ``slow charging'' modes. Notably, in an open system environment, the superiority of the QB is even more pronounced, with negligible energy loss at the final steady state relative to the maximum energy storage of an isolated system.