First, we investigate the trade-off relations of quantum battery capacities in two-qubit system. We find that the sum of subsystem battery capacity is governed by the total system capacity, with this trade-off relation persisting for a class of Hamiltonians, including Ising, XX, XXZ and XXX models. Then building on this relation, we define residual battery capacity for general quantum states and establish coherent/incoherent components of subsystem battery capacity. Furthermore, we introduce the protocol to guide the selection of appropriate incoherent unitary operations for enhancing subsystem battery capacity in specific scenarios, along with a sufficient condition for achieving subsystem capacity gain through unitary operation. Numerical examples validate the feasibility of the incoherent operation protocol. Additionally, for the three-qubit system, we also established a set of theories and results parallel to those for two-qubit case. Finally, we determine the minimum time required to enhance subsystem battery capacity via a single incoherent operation in our protocol. Our findings contribute to the development of quantum battery theory and quantum energy storage systems.
First, we investigate the trade-off relations of quantum battery capacities in two-qubit system. We find that the sum of subsystem battery capacity is governed by the total system capacity, with this trade-off relation persisting for a class of Hamiltonians, including Ising, XX, XXZ and XXX models. Then building on this relation, we define residual battery capacity for general quantum states and establish coherent/incoherent components of subsystem battery capacity. Furthermore, we introduce the protocol to guide the selection of appropriate incoherent unitary operations for enhancing subsystem battery capacity in specific scenarios, along with a sufficient condition for achieving subsystem capacity gain through unitary operation. Numerical examples validate the feasibility of the incoherent operation protocol. Additionally, for the three-qubit system, we also established a set of theories and results parallel to those for two-qubit case. Finally, we determine the minimum time required to enhance subsystem battery capacity via a single incoherent operation in our protocol. Our findings contribute to the development of quantum battery theory and quantum energy storage systems.
Abstract The distribution relationship of quantum battery capacity is investigated. First, it is proved that for two‐qubit ‐states, the sum of the subsystem battery capacities does not exceed the total system's battery capacity, and the conditions are provided under which they are equal. Then define the difference between the total system's and subsystems' battery capacities as the residual battery capacity () and show that this can be divided into coherent and incoherent components. Furthermore, it is observed that this capacity monogamy relation for quantum batteries extends to general ‐qubit states and any ‐qubit state's battery capacity distribution can be optimized to achieve capacity gain through an appropriate global unitary evolution. Specifically, for general three‐qubit states, stronger distributive relations are derived for battery capacity. Quantum batteries are believed to hold significant potential for outperforming classical counterparts in the future. These findings contribute to the development and enhancement of quantum battery theory.
We investigate the relationship between quantum battery capacity and quantum resources in a two-qubit system consisting of mutually coupled battery and charger subsystems. We find that the battery capacity decreases monotonically with the quantum entanglement, steering, Bell nonlocality and coherence, and peaks when these four quantum resources vanish. Moreover, we reveal the capacity gap between the total system capacity and the sum of the battery and charger spin capacities, which is the residual battery capacity, and establish its positive correlation with entanglement. Furthermore, unlike the first four resources, although the battery capacity decreases monotonically with quantum imaginarity, its disappearance under system detuning does not guarantee a peak capacity, and this effect becomes more pronounced as the detuning increases. In contrast to the first five resources, the quantum state texture shows a positive correlation with battery capacity, but a negative correlation with entanglement, steering, Bell nonlocality, coherence, imaginarity, and residual battery capacity. These monotonic relationships are independent of the choice of system parameters. Our findings reveal the relationship between quantum battery capacity and quantum resources during the dynamic evolution of a quantum battery system, and advances the theory of quantum batteries and the development of quantum energy storage systems.
Quantum batteries have significant potential applications for future industry and daily life. The capacity is an important indicator for a battery. Methods to improve the capacity of quantum batteries are important. We consider quantum batteries given by bipartite quantum systems and study the enhancement of the battery capacity under local projective measurements on a subsystem of the quantum state. By using two-qubit Bell-diagonal states and X-type states as examples, we show that quantum battery capacity with respect to the whole system or a subsystem can be improved by local projective measurements. Our theoretical analysis will provide ideas for the experimental development of quantum batteries.
ABSTRACT We investigate the relationship between quantum battery capacity and quantum resources in a two‐qubit system consisting of mutually coupled battery and charger subsystems. We find that the battery capacity decreases monotonically with the quantum entanglement, steering, Bell nonlocality and coherence, and peaks when these four quantum resources vanish. Moreover, we reveal the capacity gap between the total system capacity and the sum of the battery and charger spin capacities, which is the residual battery capacity, and establish its positive correlation with entanglement. Furthermore, unlike the first four resources, although the battery capacity decreases monotonically with quantum imaginarity, its disappearance under system detuning does not guarantee a peak capacity, and this effect becomes more pronounced as the detuning increases. In contrast to the first five resources, the quantum state texture shows a positive correlation with battery capacity, but a negative correlation with entanglement, steering, Bell nonlocality, coherence, imaginarity, and residual battery capacity. These monotonic relationships are independent of the choice of system parameters. Our findings reveal the relationship between quantum battery capacity and quantum resources during the dynamic evolution of a quantum battery system, and advances the theory of quantum batteries and the development of quantum energy storage systems.
In this work, we investigate the autonomous charging process of a quantum battery coupled to a structured reservoir composed of two qubits, each locally coupled to its own bosonic thermal bath. Moreover, the reservoir interacts with a charger-battery architecture through three configurations: (I) direct coupling between reservoir qubits and battery; (II) collective coupling among the reservoir qubits, charger, and battery; and (III) a collective coupling between the reservoir qubits and charger together with a local charger-battery interaction. However, by using incoherent and coherent initial states, we analyze the stored energy, ergotropy, and charging power of the battery, and derive upper and lower bounds on the extractable work in terms of the free energy of coherence and the correlations exchanged between subsystems. Our results show that global and local coherences, as well as total correlations, act as quantum resources that enhance autonomous charging. Additionally, we demonstrate that the free energy stored in the quantum battery splits into contributions from coherence and correlations, providing numerical evidence that supports the derived ergotropy bounds. Importantly, this work highlights how structured reservoirs enable autonomous and resource-enhanced quantum battery operation.
Abstract Finding a quantum battery model that demonstrates a quantum advantage while remaining feasible for experimental production is a considerable challenge. Here, a superconducting quantum battery (SQB) model that exhibits such an advantage is introduced. The model consists of two coupled superconducting qubits that interact during the unitary charging process while remaining in equilibrium with a thermal reservoir. First, the model is described, evidence of the quantum advantage is provided, and then the fabrication process of the battery is discussed using superconducting qubits. Analytical expressions for the ergotropy, instantaneous power, and capacity of the SQB, as well as their connection to quantum coherence are derived. It is demonstrated that leveraging the collective effects of Josephson energies and the coupling energy between qubits allows for optimization, resulting in improved energy redistribution and a significant enhancement in charging efficiency. This work highlights the complexities of tuning system parameters, which increase the potential for work extraction from the SQB, providing a deeper understanding of the charging mechanisms involved. These findings can be applied to superconducting quantum circuit battery architectures, underscoring the feasibility of efficient energy storage in these systems. These results pave the way for proposals of new superconducting devices, emphasizing their potential for efficient energy storage.