Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Quantum Computing, Communication, and Simulation

Topological Floquet integrated photonics for entanglement generation

Amesh Kahloon, Shabir Barzanjeh

Published Mar 5, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Current integrated implementations of entangled photonic sources are limited by fabrication imperfections and defects that introduce scattering and loss, degrading entanglement quality. Topological photonic insulators have recently emerged as a promising platform for robust photon transport due to their resilience against defect-induced scattering, enabling disorder-tolerant entangled photon generation. However, realizing bright entangled sources in topological systems remains challenging because of weak material optical nonlinearities. Here, we demonstrate entangled photon-pair generation in a nonmagnetic and wavelength-tunable anomalous Floquet topological insulator using spontaneous four-wave mixing. Time-energy entanglement is verified through photon coincidence measurements.

DOI
10.1117/12.3082133

Related papers

Enhanced Quantum Emission from a Topological Floquet Resonance

Shirin Afzal, Tyler J. Zimmerling, Mahdi Rizvandi +6 more

Entanglement is a valuable resource in quantum information technologies. The practical implementation of entangled photon sources faces obstacles from imperfections and defects inherent in physical systems, resulting in a loss or degradation of entanglement. The topological photonic insulators, however, have emerged as promising candidates, demonstrating an exceptional capability to resist defect-induced scattering, thus enabling the development of robust entangled sources. Despite their inherent advantages, building programmable topologically protected entangled sources remains challenging due to complex device designs and weak material nonlinearity. Here, we present a development in entangled photon-pair generation achieved through a nonmagnetic and tunable anomalous Floquet insulator, utilizing an optical spontaneous four-wave-mixing process. We verify the nonclassicality and time-energy entanglement of the photons generated by our topological system. Our experiment demonstrates a substantial enhancement in nonclassical photon-pair generation compared to devices reliant only on topological edge states. Our results could lead to the development of resilient quantum sources with potential applications in quantum technology. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

arXiv:2308.11451•PRX Quantum•Nov 27, 2024•7 citations

Bright quantum photon sources from a topological Floquet resonance

Shabir Barzanjeh, Shirin Afzal, Tyler J. Zimmerling +5 more

Abstract Entanglement, a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, plays a crucial role as a valuable resource in quantum technologies. The practical implementation of entangled photon sources encounters obstacles arising from imperfections and defects inherent in physical systems and microchips, resulting in a loss or degradation of entanglement. The topological photonic insulators, however, have emerged as promising candidates, demonstrating an exceptional capability to resist defect-induced scattering, thus enabling the development of robust entangled sources. Despite their inherent advantages, building bright and programmable topologically protected entangled sources remains challenging due to intricate device designs and weak material nonlinearity. Here we present an advancement in entanglement generation achieved through a non-magnetic and tunable resonance-based anomalous Floquet insulator, utilizing an optical spontaneous four-wave mixing process. Our experiment demonstrates a substantial enhancement in entangled photon pair generation compared to devices reliant solely on topological edge states and outperforming trivial photonic devices in spectral resilience. This work marks a step forward in the pursuit of defect-robust and bright entangled sources that can open avenues for the exploration of cascaded quantum devices and the engineering of quantum states. Our result could lead to the development of resilient quantum sources with potential applications in quantum technologies.

•Sep 18, 2023•0 citations

Topological On-Chip Quantum Photonics for Nonlinear Biphoton Entanglement

Hesam Zaravashan, Maryam Khodadadi, Ali Ali +2 more

Integrated quantum photonics promises scalable quantum technologies but remains limited by fabrication-induced disorder, phase instability, and loss, which degrade interference and entanglement. In this paper, a fully topological approach to both linear routing and nonlinear biphoton generation is demonstrated on the same chip. A valley-Hall lattice is engineered to create a dispersion-stable edge mode that supports spontaneous four-wave mixing with efficient phase matching. The generated signal-idler photon pairs are routed by a topological power splitter that maintains a 50:50 ratio and preserves relative phase, even through a sharp 60° bend. Strong suppression of backscattering and minimal dispersion enable high-visibility twophoton interference without active recalibration. This unified platform simultaneously provides robust guiding, coherent splitting, and high-fidelity entanglement generation, overcoming key limitations of conventional integrated photonics. These results establish topological photonic structures as a practical route toward fabrication-tolerant, phase-stable, and scalable quantum light sources and circuits for next-generation quantum communication, computation, and sensing.

European Conference on Antennas and Propagation•Apr 1, 2026•0 citations

Resonance-Enhanced Entangled Photon Pair Generation Using Topological Floquet Defect Mode Resonance

Shirin Afzal, Tyler J. Zimmerling, Vien Van +1 more

We demonstrate a 300-times enhancement in the second-order cross correlation of entangled photon pairs generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing on a robust silicon topological photonics platform using compact, high-Q Floquet defect mode resonance.

•Jan 1, 2023•1 citation

Visible-Telecom Entangled-Photon Pair Generation with Integrated Photonics: Guidelines and a Materials Comparison

Liao Duan, Trevor J. Steiner, Paolo Pintus +4 more

Correlated photon-pair sources are key components for quantum computing, networking, synchronization, and sensing applications. Integrated photonics has enabled chip-scale sources using nonlinear processes, producing high-rate time-energy and polarization entanglement at telecom wavelengths with sub-100 microwatt pump power. Many quantum systems operate in the visible or near-infrared ranges, necessitating visible-telecom entangled-pair sources for connecting remote systems via entanglement swapping and teleportation. This study evaluates biphoton pair generation and time-energy entanglement through spontaneous four-wave mixing in various nonlinear integrated photonic materials, including silicon nitride, lithium niobate, aluminum gallium arsenide, indium gallium phosphide, and gallium nitride. We demonstrate how geometric dispersion engineering facilitates phase-matching for each platform and reveals unexpected results, such as robust designs to fabrication variations and a Type-1 cross-polarized phase-matching condition for III-V materials that expands the operational wavelength range.

ACS Photonics•Nov 25, 2024•10 citations

Generation of Photon Pairs in Waveguide Arrays Supporting Topologically Protected Guided Modes

Nicola Bergamasco, Marco Liscidini

The efficient generation of non-classical light at the micro- and nanoscale is central to the development of quantum technologies. Integrated photonic structures offer new opportunities for increasing the generation efficiency and control of the quantum state of non-classical light. Recently, photonic structures based on topology conservation have been proposed as platforms to overcome issues associated with disorder and fabrication imperfections. For instance, it has been suggested that topological edge states can be exploited for the generation of photon pairs having robust spectral correlations [1]. More recently, the effect of topology on path correlations of photon pairs generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in waveguide arrays has also been investigated [2].

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jun 1, 2019•0 citations
Current integrated implementations of entangled photonic sources are limited by fabrication imperfections and defects that introduce scattering and loss, degrading entanglement quality. Topological photonic insulators have recently emerged as a promising platform for robust photon transport due to their resilience against defect-induced scattering, enabling disorder-tolerant entangled photon generation. However, realizing bright entangled sources in topological systems remains challenging because of weak material optical nonlinearities. Here, we demonstrate entangled photon-pair generation in a nonmagnetic and wavelength-tunable anomalous Floquet topological insulator using spontaneous four-wave mixing. Time-energy entanglement is verified through photon coincidence measurements.
Entanglement is a valuable resource in quantum information technologies. The practical implementation of entangled photon sources faces obstacles from imperfections and defects inherent in physical systems, resulting in a loss or degradation of entanglement. The topological photonic insulators, however, have emerged as promising candidates, demonstrating an exceptional capability to resist defect-induced scattering, thus enabling the development of robust entangled sources. Despite their inherent advantages, building programmable topologically protected entangled sources remains challenging due to complex device designs and weak material nonlinearity. Here, we present a development in entangled photon-pair generation achieved through a nonmagnetic and tunable anomalous Floquet insulator, utilizing an optical spontaneous four-wave-mixing process. We verify the nonclassicality and time-energy entanglement of the photons generated by our topological system. Our experiment demonstrates a substantial enhancement in nonclassical photon-pair generation compared to devices reliant only on topological edge states. Our results could lead to the development of resilient quantum sources with potential applications in quantum technology. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Abstract Entanglement, a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, plays a crucial role as a valuable resource in quantum technologies. The practical implementation of entangled photon sources encounters obstacles arising from imperfections and defects inherent in physical systems and microchips, resulting in a loss or degradation of entanglement. The topological photonic insulators, however, have emerged as promising candidates, demonstrating an exceptional capability to resist defect-induced scattering, thus enabling the development of robust entangled sources. Despite their inherent advantages, building bright and programmable topologically protected entangled sources remains challenging due to intricate device designs and weak material nonlinearity. Here we present an advancement in entanglement generation achieved through a non-magnetic and tunable resonance-based anomalous Floquet insulator, utilizing an optical spontaneous four-wave mixing process. Our experiment demonstrates a substantial enhancement in entangled photon pair generation compared to devices reliant solely on topological edge states and outperforming trivial photonic devices in spectral resilience. This work marks a step forward in the pursuit of defect-robust and bright entangled sources that can open avenues for the exploration of cascaded quantum devices and the engineering of quantum states. Our result could lead to the development of resilient quantum sources with potential applications in quantum technologies.
Integrated quantum photonics promises scalable quantum technologies but remains limited by fabrication-induced disorder, phase instability, and loss, which degrade interference and entanglement. In this paper, a fully topological approach to both linear routing and nonlinear biphoton generation is demonstrated on the same chip. A valley-Hall lattice is engineered to create a dispersion-stable edge mode that supports spontaneous four-wave mixing with efficient phase matching. The generated signal-idler photon pairs are routed by a topological power splitter that maintains a 50:50 ratio and preserves relative phase, even through a sharp 60° bend. Strong suppression of backscattering and minimal dispersion enable high-visibility twophoton interference without active recalibration. This unified platform simultaneously provides robust guiding, coherent splitting, and high-fidelity entanglement generation, overcoming key limitations of conventional integrated photonics. These results establish topological photonic structures as a practical route toward fabrication-tolerant, phase-stable, and scalable quantum light sources and circuits for next-generation quantum communication, computation, and sensing.
Correlated photon-pair sources are key components for quantum computing, networking, synchronization, and sensing applications. Integrated photonics has enabled chip-scale sources using nonlinear processes, producing high-rate time-energy and polarization entanglement at telecom wavelengths with sub-100 microwatt pump power. Many quantum systems operate in the visible or near-infrared ranges, necessitating visible-telecom entangled-pair sources for connecting remote systems via entanglement swapping and teleportation. This study evaluates biphoton pair generation and time-energy entanglement through spontaneous four-wave mixing in various nonlinear integrated photonic materials, including silicon nitride, lithium niobate, aluminum gallium arsenide, indium gallium phosphide, and gallium nitride. We demonstrate how geometric dispersion engineering facilitates phase-matching for each platform and reveals unexpected results, such as robust designs to fabrication variations and a Type-1 cross-polarized phase-matching condition for III-V materials that expands the operational wavelength range.
The efficient generation of non-classical light at the micro- and nanoscale is central to the development of quantum technologies. Integrated photonic structures offer new opportunities for increasing the generation efficiency and control of the quantum state of non-classical light. Recently, photonic structures based on topology conservation have been proposed as platforms to overcome issues associated with disorder and fabrication imperfections. For instance, it has been suggested that topological edge states can be exploited for the generation of photon pairs having robust spectral correlations [1]. More recently, the effect of topology on path correlations of photon pairs generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in waveguide arrays has also been investigated [2].