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Applied Optics

Theoretical and experimental study of structural slow light in a microfiber coil resonator

Chengju Ma, Liyong Ren, Yiping Xu, Yingli Wang, Hong Zhou, Haiwei Fu, Jin Wen

Published Jun 10, 2015• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, a compact slow-light microfiber coil resonator (MCR) is fabricated and the slow-light properties of it are analyzed and tested. Based on coupled-wave theory, a theoretical model for describing the slow-light propagation in the MCR is established. Experimentally, the MCR slow-light element is fabricated and its relative slow-light time delay is measured. The group velocity of the light pulse in the MCR slow-light element can be reduced to about 0.47c (c is the speed of light in vacuum) and the shape of the light pulse passing through the MCR is well preserved.

DOI
10.1364/ao.54.005619

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In this paper, a compact slow-light microfiber coil resonator (MCR) is fabricated and the slow-light properties of it are analyzed and tested. Based on coupled-wave theory, a theoretical model for describing the slow-light propagation in the MCR is established. Experimentally, the MCR slow-light element is fabricated and its relative slow-light time delay is measured. The group velocity of the light pulse in the MCR slow-light element can be reduced to about 0.47c (c is the speed of light in vacuum) and the shape of the light pulse passing through the MCR is well preserved.
At present, miniaturized, low loss and integrated slow-light elements are the urgent needs for the slow-light technology development. In this paper, we study the slow-ight effects in a compact microfiber coil resonator (MCR) structure and fabricate the compact MCR slow-light element. Furthermore, we test its slow-light properties and find that the optical pulse propagating in the MCR can be delayed about 30 ps. By caculating, we find that the group velocity of the light pulse propagating in the MCR slow-light element can be reduced to about 0.47c (c is the speed of light in vacuum) and the shape of the light pulse passing through the MCR keeps well.
Based on the theoretical model of a microfiber double-knot resonator with a parallel structure, numerical simulations on the transmission spectrum, the phase, and the group time delay of the resonator as a function of wavelengths are given. We find that with this kind of resonator both slow light and fast light can be obtained at different resonant wavelengths. Experimentally, such a kind of microfiber resonator was fabricated successfully. The transmission spectrum of the fabricated resonator is well consistent with the theoretical simulation. A slow-light delay of about 38 ps and a fast-light advance of about 40 ps are demonstrated at different wavelengths, which might benefit the resonator to the applications in data delay lines, optical buffers, and optical memories.
We propose a simple and compact slow-light element by use of an optical microcoil resonator (OMR) constituted by two microfiber coils. Based on the matrix exponential method, we solve the coupled-wave equations of the OMR with n turns of microfiber coils and obtain a general solution. Simulations indicate that a tunable slow-light propagation can be obtained by controlling the coupling coefficient between the two adjacent microfiber coils by means of regulating the voltage applied to the ferroelectric crystal. A slow-light time delay up to 62 ps with a bandwidth of 0.4 nm is performed at the wavelength around 1.5 μm.
Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT), classically generated by the coherent interaction between light and multilevel atoms, is a cutting-edge research theme in optical memories. Unfortunately, the strict requirements of gaseous atoms and particular frequencies that obey atomic transitions pose a challenge to practical application. Here we propose an all-fiber monolithic microfiber bridged ring resonator (MBRR), and experimentally demonstrate its EIT-like effect called microfiber resonator induced transparency (MRIT). Because the MRIT is induced by destructive interference between two counter propagating modes inside the cavity, the MBRR shows excellent light velocity control ability, with both fast light and slow light up to several nanoseconds in theory. Continuous pulse delay tuning from −60  ps (fast light) to +160  ps (slow light) within one MBRR was experimentally achieved. The pulse retardation of the MBRR is one order of magnitude larger than that of previously reported microfiber resonators. The proposed MBRR with unique bridged structure features such as multi-channels, all-fiber structure, compact size, and low cost, could be applied in quantum computation, information storage, optical processing, and fiber sensing.
Based on an analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in microfiber knot resonators with a two-ring parallel connection structure, a wide bandwidth and zero-dispersion slow-light waveguide is proposed. The EIT-like transmission spectrum with the variation of wavelengths for different coupling coefficients is numerical simulated. By appropriately adjusting the coupling coefficients of the two knot rings, a group time delay of about 72.4 ps with a flat wavelength bandwidth of about 82.7 pm and a full width at half-maximum of about 228 pm at one of the induced transparency windows is achieved theoretically. And the group time delay dispersion at the same induced transparency window nearly reaches to zero with a wavelength bandwidth of about 82.7 pm.
We report the experimental observation of dispersion transition from abnormal dispersion (fast light) to normal dispersion (slow light) in a side-coupled ring resonator. We reveal that the transition from fast light to slow light can occur, when the tuned loss of the resonator results in the experience from the undercoupled regime to the overcoupled regime. Also, we experimentally fabricate the fiber side-coupled ring resonator, and measure the group delay of the resonator by coupling the resonator to a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The measured experimental results demonstrate the dispersion transition, and are in good agreement with the corresponding theoretical results. The sidecoupled resonator with the tunable dispersion (group delay) can exploited for optical storage devices, slow light Fourier transform (FT) interferometric spectrometers, white light cavities (WLCs), optical switches, optical routers, and optical sensors.