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Optica

Light velocity control in monolithic microfiber bridged ring resonator

Zhilin Xu, Yiyang Luo, Qizhen Sun, Chengbo Mou, Yue Li, Perry Ping Shum, Deming Liu

Published Aug 3, 2017• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT), classically generated by the coherent interaction between light and multilevel atoms, is a cutting-edge research theme in optical memories. Unfortunately, the strict requirements of gaseous atoms and particular frequencies that obey atomic transitions pose a challenge to practical application. Here we propose an all-fiber monolithic microfiber bridged ring resonator (MBRR), and experimentally demonstrate its EIT-like effect called microfiber resonator induced transparency (MRIT). Because the MRIT is induced by destructive interference between two counter propagating modes inside the cavity, the MBRR shows excellent light velocity control ability, with both fast light and slow light up to several nanoseconds in theory. Continuous pulse delay tuning from −60  ps (fast light) to +160  ps (slow light) within one MBRR was experimentally achieved. The pulse retardation of the MBRR is one order of magnitude larger than that of previously reported microfiber resonators. The proposed MBRR with unique bridged structure features such as multi-channels, all-fiber structure, compact size, and low cost, could be applied in quantum computation, information storage, optical processing, and fiber sensing.

DOI
10.1364/optica.4.000945

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Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT), classically generated by the coherent interaction between light and multilevel atoms, is a cutting-edge research theme in optical memories. Unfortunately, the strict requirements of gaseous atoms and particular frequencies that obey atomic transitions pose a challenge to practical application. Here we propose an all-fiber monolithic microfiber bridged ring resonator (MBRR), and experimentally demonstrate its EIT-like effect called microfiber resonator induced transparency (MRIT). Because the MRIT is induced by destructive interference between two counter propagating modes inside the cavity, the MBRR shows excellent light velocity control ability, with both fast light and slow light up to several nanoseconds in theory. Continuous pulse delay tuning from −60  ps (fast light) to +160  ps (slow light) within one MBRR was experimentally achieved. The pulse retardation of the MBRR is one order of magnitude larger than that of previously reported microfiber resonators. The proposed MBRR with unique bridged structure features such as multi-channels, all-fiber structure, compact size, and low cost, could be applied in quantum computation, information storage, optical processing, and fiber sensing.
Based on an analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in microfiber knot resonators with a two-ring parallel connection structure, a wide bandwidth and zero-dispersion slow-light waveguide is proposed. The EIT-like transmission spectrum with the variation of wavelengths for different coupling coefficients is numerical simulated. By appropriately adjusting the coupling coefficients of the two knot rings, a group time delay of about 72.4 ps with a flat wavelength bandwidth of about 82.7 pm and a full width at half-maximum of about 228 pm at one of the induced transparency windows is achieved theoretically. And the group time delay dispersion at the same induced transparency window nearly reaches to zero with a wavelength bandwidth of about 82.7 pm.
We comprehensively simulate and experimentally demonstrate a novel approach to generate tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a fully integrated silicon photonics circuit. It can also generate tunable fast and slow light. The circuit is a single ring resonator with two integrated tunable reflectors inside, which form an embedded Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity inside the ring cavity. The mode of the FP cavity can be controlled by tuning the reflections using integrated thermo-optic tuners. Under correct tuning conditions, the interaction of the FP mode and the ring resonance mode will generate a Fano resonance and an EIT response. The extinction ratio and bandwidth of the EIT can be tuned by controlling the reflectors. Measured group delay proves that both fast light and slow light can be generated under different tuning conditions. A maximum group delay of 1100 ps is observed because of EIT. Pulse advance around 1200 ps is also demonstrated.
At present, miniaturized, low loss and integrated slow-light elements are the urgent needs for the slow-light technology development. In this paper, we study the slow-ight effects in a compact microfiber coil resonator (MCR) structure and fabricate the compact MCR slow-light element. Furthermore, we test its slow-light properties and find that the optical pulse propagating in the MCR can be delayed about 30 ps. By caculating, we find that the group velocity of the light pulse propagating in the MCR slow-light element can be reduced to about 0.47c (c is the speed of light in vacuum) and the shape of the light pulse passing through the MCR keeps well.
The optical analogs of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) have attracted vast attention recently. The generation and manipulation of EIT in microcavities have sparked research in both fundamental physics and photonic applications, including light storage, slow light propagation, and optical communication. In this Letter, the generation and tuning of an all-optically controlled mode-coupling induced transparency (MCIT) are proposed, experimentally demonstrated, and theoretically analyzed. The MCIT effect originated from the intermodal coupling between the plethora of modes generated in our fabricated optical microcavity, and the tuning of the transparency mode utilized the cavity's thermal bistability nature. Furthermore, based on our method, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, controlling of the mode shifting efficiency is also achieved with an increase up to two times and more. The proposed scheme paves a unique, simple, and efficient way to manipulate the induced transparency mode, which can be useful for applications like cavity lasing and thermal sensing.
This study demonstrates a metamaterial with two coupled split-ring resonators (SRR) can exhibit an effect reminiscent of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), a coherent process normally observed in three-level atomic media. The coupling between two SRR induces a frequency splitting in the spectral response of the metamaterial, opening up a narrow transmission band in the centre of the absorption line. The obtained reduction in group velocity together with the low absorption is useful for a variety of slow-light applications, without the need for the extreme cooling or the large magnetic fields that are typically required for EIT in atomic systems.
Electromagnetically induced transparency has the unique ability to optically control transparency windows with low light in atomic systems. However, its practical applications in quantum physics and information science are limited due to rigid experimental requirements. Here we demonstrate a new mechanism of optically induced transparency in a micro-cavity by introducing a four-wave mixing gain to nonlinearly couple two separated resonances of the micro-cavity in an ambient environment. A signature Fano-like resonance was observed owing to the nonlinear interference of the two coupled resonances. Moreover, we show that the unidirectional gain of the four-wave mixing can lead to the remarkable effect of non-reciprocal transmission at the transparency windows. Optically induced transparency may offer a unique platform for a compact, integrated solution to all-optical and quantum information. Scientists have used light to make a micro-cavity transparent to light, which may lead to compact components for all-optical processing. Since its discovery in 1991, the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic systems has generated much excitement due to its potential for all-optical and quantum information processing. But it is hard to incorporate in chips because it generally uses atoms in the gaseous phase. Now, Wenjie Wan at Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China and co-workers in China and the United States have realized the equivalent effect—optically induced transparency (OIT) —in a micro-cavity by using a nonlinear optical effect known as four-wave mixing. The researchers anticipate that OIT may offer a new avenue for compact all-optical and quantum information processing.