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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Slow-light effects in microfiber coil resonator

Chengju Ma, Haiwei Fu, Yinggang Liu

Published Oct 25, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

At present, miniaturized, low loss and integrated slow-light elements are the urgent needs for the slow-light technology development. In this paper, we study the slow-ight effects in a compact microfiber coil resonator (MCR) structure and fabricate the compact MCR slow-light element. Furthermore, we test its slow-light properties and find that the optical pulse propagating in the MCR can be delayed about 30 ps. By caculating, we find that the group velocity of the light pulse propagating in the MCR slow-light element can be reduced to about 0.47c (c is the speed of light in vacuum) and the shape of the light pulse passing through the MCR keeps well.

DOI
10.1117/12.2243592

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•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations
At present, miniaturized, low loss and integrated slow-light elements are the urgent needs for the slow-light technology development. In this paper, we study the slow-ight effects in a compact microfiber coil resonator (MCR) structure and fabricate the compact MCR slow-light element. Furthermore, we test its slow-light properties and find that the optical pulse propagating in the MCR can be delayed about 30 ps. By caculating, we find that the group velocity of the light pulse propagating in the MCR slow-light element can be reduced to about 0.47c (c is the speed of light in vacuum) and the shape of the light pulse passing through the MCR keeps well.
In this paper, a compact slow-light microfiber coil resonator (MCR) is fabricated and the slow-light properties of it are analyzed and tested. Based on coupled-wave theory, a theoretical model for describing the slow-light propagation in the MCR is established. Experimentally, the MCR slow-light element is fabricated and its relative slow-light time delay is measured. The group velocity of the light pulse in the MCR slow-light element can be reduced to about 0.47c (c is the speed of light in vacuum) and the shape of the light pulse passing through the MCR is well preserved.
We propose a simple and compact slow-light element by use of an optical microcoil resonator (OMR) constituted by two microfiber coils. Based on the matrix exponential method, we solve the coupled-wave equations of the OMR with n turns of microfiber coils and obtain a general solution. Simulations indicate that a tunable slow-light propagation can be obtained by controlling the coupling coefficient between the two adjacent microfiber coils by means of regulating the voltage applied to the ferroelectric crystal. A slow-light time delay up to 62 ps with a bandwidth of 0.4 nm is performed at the wavelength around 1.5 μm.
Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT), classically generated by the coherent interaction between light and multilevel atoms, is a cutting-edge research theme in optical memories. Unfortunately, the strict requirements of gaseous atoms and particular frequencies that obey atomic transitions pose a challenge to practical application. Here we propose an all-fiber monolithic microfiber bridged ring resonator (MBRR), and experimentally demonstrate its EIT-like effect called microfiber resonator induced transparency (MRIT). Because the MRIT is induced by destructive interference between two counter propagating modes inside the cavity, the MBRR shows excellent light velocity control ability, with both fast light and slow light up to several nanoseconds in theory. Continuous pulse delay tuning from −60  ps (fast light) to +160  ps (slow light) within one MBRR was experimentally achieved. The pulse retardation of the MBRR is one order of magnitude larger than that of previously reported microfiber resonators. The proposed MBRR with unique bridged structure features such as multi-channels, all-fiber structure, compact size, and low cost, could be applied in quantum computation, information storage, optical processing, and fiber sensing.
Based on the theoretical model of a microfiber double-knot resonator with a parallel structure, numerical simulations on the transmission spectrum, the phase, and the group time delay of the resonator as a function of wavelengths are given. We find that with this kind of resonator both slow light and fast light can be obtained at different resonant wavelengths. Experimentally, such a kind of microfiber resonator was fabricated successfully. The transmission spectrum of the fabricated resonator is well consistent with the theoretical simulation. A slow-light delay of about 38 ps and a fast-light advance of about 40 ps are demonstrated at different wavelengths, which might benefit the resonator to the applications in data delay lines, optical buffers, and optical memories.
Fast or slow light propagation means that the group velocity of a quasi-monochromatic light pulse propagating in a resonant medium can be significantly faster or slower than the light speed in a vacuum. Since the end of the last century and the beginning of this century, studies on this subject have attracted a great deal of interest. Remarkable progress has been achieved, based on various nonlinear optical interactions in resonant media. The fundamental research on this subject can enrich our understanding of special relativity and causality in physics. On the other hand, those mechanisms and techniques developed for fast and slow light propagation have provided the potential for many future applications, such as optical buffers and variable delay lines for optical networks, optical computing, optical telecommunications, optical data storage, and signal processing.
Properties of periodic dielectric media have attracted a big interest in the last two decades due to numerous exciting physical phenomena that cannot occur in homogeneous media. Due to their strong dispersive properties, the speed of light can be significantly slowed down in periodic structures. When light velocity is much smaller than the speed of light in a vacuum, we describe this phenomena as slow light. In this thesis, we analyze important properties of slow light enhancement and limitations in periodic structures. We analyze quantitatively and qualitatively different technologies and significant structures with numerical and analytical methods. By analyzing different structures, we show very general properties for limitation and enhancement in the slow light regime. Inherent imperfections of fabricated structures such as a material loss and structural disorder have a strong influence on slowly propagating light. By means of perturbative analysis, we address the effect of small imperfections in periodic structures. From our analysis, we find very universal behavior in a slow light regime for all periodic structures. Even if losses are very small the dispersion is severely affected in the vicinity of the band edge. The minimum attainable group velocity will depend on the amount of imperfections. Since imperfections are inherited as part of any periodic structure it is necessary to take them into account when we are interested in slow light applications. Slowly propagating light gives rise to longer interaction time in the periodic media. Due to this reason, weak light-matter interaction is enhanced. The enhancement due to slow light has been studied for loss and gain. By introducing gain/loss, dispersive properties, in the slow light region, are severely influenced. The minimum attainable group velocity is strongly dependent on the amount of introduced loss/gain that will result in limitation of enhancement. Therefore, small amounts of gain/loss will provide great enhancement. While for a large amount of gain/loss slow, light is heavily jeopardized, hence no enhancement will occur.