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Acta Physica Sinica

The influence of dispersion and loss on quantum key distribution system

Liming Zheng, Wang Fa-Qiang, Songhao Liu, (1)华南师范大学信息光电子科技学院,广州 510006; (2)华南师范大学信息光电子科技学院,广州 510006;暨南大学电子工程系,广州 510632

Published Jan 1, 2007• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The influence of dispersion and loss on quantum bit error rate of a quantum key distribution system is analytically studied via quantum Schrdinger equation. The results show that the haul of quantum key distribution system can be increased by using the dispersion shift fiber and weak pulse with short pulse width in wavelength of 1.55 μm.

DOI
10.7498/aps.56.2180

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The influence of dispersion and loss on quantum bit error rate of a quantum key distribution system is analytically studied via quantum Schrdinger equation. The results show that the haul of quantum key distribution system can be increased by using the dispersion shift fiber and weak pulse with short pulse width in wavelength of 1.55 μm.
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The effects of fiber dispersion and loss and single-photon detector dark counts on key transmission rate and BER of quantum key distribution system through theoretical analysis and computation are studied . Research demonstrates that fiber loss is the main factor that influences quantum key transmission rate, while quantum BER is related to fiber loss, dispersion, pulse width, dark counts and Rayleigh backscattering. In the experiment, we should try to reduce fiber loss, dispersion and single-photon detector dark counts, and meanwhile choose appropriate initial pulse width, thereby enhancing quantum key transmission rate and reducing BER, thus effectively enhance the transmission distance of quantum key distribution system.
There is considerable interest in finding conditions under which the quantum key distribution (QKD) propagation distances over fiber and secure key rate (SKR) are maximized for a given acceptable quantum bit error rate. One way to increase the secure key rate is to increase quantum bit rate, i.e. use shorter pulses. Short pulses propagating in a fiber are subject to temporal broadening caused by chromatic dispersion (CD) which leads to inter-symbol-interference and quantum bit-error rate increase. Current commercial QKD systems employ 1 Gb/s quantum bit rate sources, and the transition to 10 Gb/s system is being researched. While not very important in the 1 Gb/s, the effect of CD cannot be neglected in 10 Gb/s or higher quantum bit rate systems.
Quantum bit error rate (QBER) of the quantum key distribution system based on the unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer is theoretically analyzed. The influence of the unsymmetry of the two Mach-Zehnder interferometers, the birefringence in the fiber and the fluctuation of the temperature, on the QBER have been discussed in detail. The analytical expression of the QBER is deduced. It shows that the QBER caused by the unsymmetry of the two Mach-Zehnder interferometers defers to the Gauss distribution, QBER caused by the birefringence in the fiber which results in the disaccord of the polarization of the two pulses defers to the cosine distribution, and the fluctuation of the temperature exert great influence on the QBER.
Optical pulse will reach the receiver not at exact time instance due to the transmission through the long trunk fiber, and this phenomenon will effect on the bits error rate in the Quantum key distribution (QKD) system to some extend. The time jitter based on the differential phase shift quantum key distribution system and two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers is measured outdoors in different transmission distance and the physical model of the relationship between the time jitter and the quantum bit error rate is proposed. According to this relationship, the quantum bit error rate can be estimated for some optical pulse shape and some statistical distribution function.