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Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics

Study on quantum bit error rate of quantum key distribution system based on the double Mach-Zehnder interferometers

Songhao Liu

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum bit error rate (QBER) of the quantum key distribution system based on the unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer is theoretically analyzed. The influence of the unsymmetry of the two Mach-Zehnder interferometers, the birefringence in the fiber and the fluctuation of the temperature, on the QBER have been discussed in detail. The analytical expression of the QBER is deduced. It shows that the QBER caused by the unsymmetry of the two Mach-Zehnder interferometers defers to the Gauss distribution, QBER caused by the birefringence in the fiber which results in the disaccord of the polarization of the two pulses defers to the cosine distribution, and the fluctuation of the temperature exert great influence on the QBER.

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Quantum bit error rate (QBER) of the quantum key distribution system based on the unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer is theoretically analyzed. The influence of the unsymmetry of the two Mach-Zehnder interferometers, the birefringence in the fiber and the fluctuation of the temperature, on the QBER have been discussed in detail. The analytical expression of the QBER is deduced. It shows that the QBER caused by the unsymmetry of the two Mach-Zehnder interferometers defers to the Gauss distribution, QBER caused by the birefringence in the fiber which results in the disaccord of the polarization of the two pulses defers to the cosine distribution, and the fluctuation of the temperature exert great influence on the QBER.
The hybrid modulation quantum key distribution(QKD) via single-photon two-qubit states scheme is analyzed,and an improvement scheme is proposed.The input-output model of polarization is established.And the influence of the interferometers on the polarization coding is analyzed.Quantum bit error rate(QBER) of polarization coding caused by the phasic error of fast and slow axes and the alignment error between the basis vectors of polarization and polarization axis is simulated.Furthermore,the stability conditions of polarization are derived on this basis.The QBER of polarization coding can be influenced deeply by the fiber M-Z interferometers.The theoretic analysis reveals that the jitter of polarization state is not only derived from the birefringency,but also derived from coordinate system difference between incident light and fast and slow axes in fiber interferometer.Some necessary conditoins for the QKD via single-photon two-qubit states are given.The simulation show that when ρ and θ are both below 0.2 rad,the polarization QBER is less than 0.015.When ρ and θ are both below 0.4 rad,the polarization QBER is less than 0.06.The polarization QBER of 2%-5% in two-qubit QKD scheme could be accepted as far as the safety upper limit of QBER(11%) is concerned.
Optical pulse will reach the receiver not at exact time instance due to the transmission through the long trunk fiber, and this phenomenon will effect on the bits error rate in the Quantum key distribution (QKD) system to some extend. The time jitter based on the differential phase shift quantum key distribution system and two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers is measured outdoors in different transmission distance and the physical model of the relationship between the time jitter and the quantum bit error rate is proposed. According to this relationship, the quantum bit error rate can be estimated for some optical pulse shape and some statistical distribution function.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system based on the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder optical fiber interferometers is easily influenced by the external environmental interference, which causes phase excursion. And the high interference visibility of QKD system can’t keep for long and the instability of interference could cause the bit error of QKD. By tracking the stochastic phase excursion in statistical manner, the experiment of quantum key distribution over 75km was done successfully during the time of high interference visibility. The method of QKD in this paper is possessed of high security, less component, and easy operation.
We present a parallel quantum key distribution scheme, where a Mach–Zehnder (M–Z) interferometer is applied to achieve a subcarrier multiplexing quantum key distribution. The polarization of each sideband of the composite signal and their controlling factors are analyzed. The factors, such as intermodulation interference and laser source phase noise, which might increase quantum bit error, are studied. The simulation of the quantum bit error rate of the four different sidebands shows that this type of modulation can meet the bit error rate requirement of quantum key distribution.
Abstract It is shown that imperfect joints of linear birefringent fibres in a fibre interferometer may result in an uncontrolled visibility drift under varying environmental conditions even with a standard phase matching device. As an example, a double Mach – Zehnder interferometer is considered, which is employed in schemes of quantum key distribution. Results of numerical simulation demonstrate the standard deviation of the quantum bit error rate (QBER), which is comparable to an average QBER value.