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Guangdian gongcheng

Quantum key distribution based on two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers

Songhao Liu

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system based on the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder optical fiber interferometers is easily influenced by the external environmental interference, which causes phase excursion. And the high interference visibility of QKD system can’t keep for long and the instability of interference could cause the bit error of QKD. By tracking the stochastic phase excursion in statistical manner, the experiment of quantum key distribution over 75km was done successfully during the time of high interference visibility. The method of QKD in this paper is possessed of high security, less component, and easy operation.

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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system based on the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder optical fiber interferometers is easily influenced by the external environmental interference, which causes phase excursion. And the high interference visibility of QKD system can’t keep for long and the instability of interference could cause the bit error of QKD. By tracking the stochastic phase excursion in statistical manner, the experiment of quantum key distribution over 75km was done successfully during the time of high interference visibility. The method of QKD in this paper is possessed of high security, less component, and easy operation.
Optical pulse will reach the receiver not at exact time instance due to the transmission through the long trunk fiber, and this phenomenon will effect on the bits error rate in the Quantum key distribution (QKD) system to some extend. The time jitter based on the differential phase shift quantum key distribution system and two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers is measured outdoors in different transmission distance and the physical model of the relationship between the time jitter and the quantum bit error rate is proposed. According to this relationship, the quantum bit error rate can be estimated for some optical pulse shape and some statistical distribution function.
We propose a unidirectional quantum key distribution (QKD) system based upon a time-division Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZ) using phase stabilized optical fibers (PSOFs) for the sake of achieving the phase stability during the key distribution. A simple comparison between MZs constituent with PSOF and normal single mode fiber (SMF) is made. During the key distribution over 25 km of standard optical fiber, the phase drift of 4.6 × 10 -4 π/s is obtained. We discuss the demonstration of the quantum key distribution when the asymmetric MZ (AMZ) of PSOF is applied on the proposed QKD system.
Quantum bit error rate (QBER) of the quantum key distribution system based on the unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer is theoretically analyzed. The influence of the unsymmetry of the two Mach-Zehnder interferometers, the birefringence in the fiber and the fluctuation of the temperature, on the QBER have been discussed in detail. The analytical expression of the QBER is deduced. It shows that the QBER caused by the unsymmetry of the two Mach-Zehnder interferometers defers to the Gauss distribution, QBER caused by the birefringence in the fiber which results in the disaccord of the polarization of the two pulses defers to the cosine distribution, and the fluctuation of the temperature exert great influence on the QBER.
We propose a fully symmetrical QKD system that enables quantum states to be prepared and measured simultaneously without compromising system performance. Over a 25.6 km fiber channel, we demonstrate point-to-point QKD operations with asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer modules. Two interference visibilities of above 99% indicate that the proposed system has excellent stability. Consequently, the scheme not only improves the feasibility of distributing secret keys, but also enables QKD closer to more practical applications.
Stability and robustness are important criteria to evaluate the performance of a quantum-key-distribution (QKD) system in real-life applications. However, the inherent birefringence effect of the fiber channel and disturbance caused by the variation of the deployment environment of the QKD system tremendously decrease its performance. To eliminate this adverse impact, we propose a polarization-insensitive phase-coding QKD system based on Sagnac--Mach-Zehnder interferometers. Verified by theoretical analysis and experimental tests, this QKD system is robust against channel polarization disturbance. The robustness and long-term stability of the QKD system is confirmed with a 10-day continuous operation over a 12.6-dB channel, which consists of a 50-km fiber spool and a polarization scrambler (2 rad/s). As a result, an average quantum bit error rate of 0.9580.958%0.958 and a sustained secure key rate of 3.68 kbps are obtained. Moreover, the secure key rate of the QKD system for a typical channel loss of 10 dB reaches 6.89 kbps, and the achievable maximum transmission distance exceeds 125 km.