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IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting (LEOS)

Effects of fiber dispersion on the time-frequency quantum cryptography protocol

Patrick D. Kumavor, Susanne F. Yelin, Bing Wang

Published Dec 23, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper explores the effects of dispersion on the quantum bit error rate (QBER) and security of the scheme for dispersion-shifted and standard single-mode fibers. Results show that dispersion increases both and R-value of the quantum key distribution, and causes a drop in performance. In addition, dispersion effects at 1310 nm is greater than at 1550 nm.

DOI
10.1109/leos.2004.1363328

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There is considerable interest in finding conditions under which the quantum key distribution (QKD) propagation distances over fiber and secure key rate (SKR) are maximized for a given acceptable quantum bit error rate. One way to increase the secure key rate is to increase quantum bit rate, i.e. use shorter pulses. Short pulses propagating in a fiber are subject to temporal broadening caused by chromatic dispersion (CD) which leads to inter-symbol-interference and quantum bit-error rate increase. Current commercial QKD systems employ 1 Gb/s quantum bit rate sources, and the transition to 10 Gb/s system is being researched. While not very important in the 1 Gb/s, the effect of CD cannot be neglected in 10 Gb/s or higher quantum bit rate systems.
The paper presents a study of the impact of optical path attenuation variation in fiber-optic communication lines on the operation of quantum key distribution systems. A review of quantum key distribution protocols is provided, and the key parameters determining the quality of a quantum key distribution system are considered: the secret key generation rate and the quantum bit error rate. An analysis of the main factors affecting the performance of quantum key distribution systems over fiberoptic lines is presented: attenuation, chromatic dispersion, polarization, and nonlinear effects. The paper presents the results of simulation modeling of the impact of attenuation increase on the operation of a quantum key distribution system, demonstrating the nature of variations in the quantum bit error rate and the secret key generation rate. The principles of a comprehensive approach to improvement of the performance and stability of quantum key distribution parameters when operating over existing fiber-optic lines are formulated.
The polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fibers poses a major challenge for maintaining the fidelity of quantum states for quantum communications. In this work, a comprehensive model linking the probability of quantum measurement errors (infidelity) to PMD is developed and validated by experimental measurements of differential group delay and quantum bit error rate (QBER). Our research proposes effective methods to mitigate PMD effects for broadband entangled photons and evaluates the impact of higher-order PMD effects. The model provides an experimentally verified framework for the optimization of commercial quantum key distribution systems in deployed fiber-optic lines.