Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Optical Communication Technology

Study on key transmission rate and BER of fiber-based quantum key distribution system

Guo Ai-peng

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The effects of fiber dispersion and loss and single-photon detector dark counts on key transmission rate and BER of quantum key distribution system through theoretical analysis and computation are studied . Research demonstrates that fiber loss is the main factor that influences quantum key transmission rate, while quantum BER is related to fiber loss, dispersion, pulse width, dark counts and Rayleigh backscattering. In the experiment, we should try to reduce fiber loss, dispersion and single-photon detector dark counts, and meanwhile choose appropriate initial pulse width, thereby enhancing quantum key transmission rate and reducing BER, thus effectively enhance the transmission distance of quantum key distribution system.

Related papers

Effects of loss and dispersion on fiber-based quantum key distribution system

Shu Yang, Wei Liu, Yu‐Hong Han +1 more

Studied are the effects of fiber dispersion and loss and single-photon detector dark counts on key transmission rate and bit error rate of quantum key distribution system through theoretical analysis and computation. Research demonstrates that fiber loss is the main factor that influences quantum key transmission rate, while quantum bit error rate is related to fiber loss, dispersion, pulse width, dark counts and Rayleigh backscattering. Theoretical calculation indicates that in the current single-mode fiber-based plug & play quantum key distribution system with a dark counts of 10 -5/ns, the utilization of short pulse with 1550 nm wavelength and a 50 ps width can achieve the maximum transmission distance of 131 km. If we reduce dark counts or use G.653 dispersion-shifted fiber with short pulse, we can further improve key transmission rate and reduce the quantum bit error rate, thus effectively enhance the transmission distance of quantum key distribution system.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Oct 17, 2008•3 citations

Analysis for device independent quantum key distribution based on the law of large number

Na Li, Shumin Cui, Yi-Mmg Ji +2 more

Measuring device-independent quantum key distribution scheme can remove all detectors' side-channel flaw, combined with decoy state program to achieve absolute security of quantum key distribution. In this paper, the statistical law of large numbers fluctuate limited key length measuring device-independent quantum key distribution scheme in single-photon counting rate and BER (Bit Error Rate) were analyzed, and the key length of the single-photon N = 106~ 1012counting rate and the key generation rate simulation were performed. Simulation results show that: in the optical fiber transmission, with decreasing key length 300km, the secure transmission distance, decreased respectively to 260km (N = 1010) and 75km (N = 106). When N = 1012, secure transmission distance is reached at 295km, close to the theoretical limit.

IEEE Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC)•Dec 1, 2015•0 citations

The influence of dispersion and loss on quantum key distribution system

Liming Zheng, Wang Fa-Qiang, Songhao Liu +1 more

The influence of dispersion and loss on quantum bit error rate of a quantum key distribution system is analytically studied via quantum Schrdinger equation. The results show that the haul of quantum key distribution system can be increased by using the dispersion shift fiber and weak pulse with short pulse width in wavelength of 1.55 μm.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2007•2 citations

Comparison of Free-Space and Fiber-Based Transmission Systems in Quantum Cryptography

Morio Toyoshima, Yozo Shoji, Christian SCHAEFER +5 more

The distance for quantum key distribution using optical fibers is limited to around 100 km by the transmission loss, background level in the optical fibers, and birefringence in the fibers. Free space is an ideal medium for transmitting photon-based quantum information; this is considered to be the key advantage of quantum cryptography. In fiber-based systems, there is an optical loss in the fiber of about 0.2 dB/km for a telecom wavelength of 1.5 µm. That is, after a propagation of 150 km, the transmission loss in the fiber becomes 30 dB. On the other hand, free-space transmission obeys the diffraction theory of laser light; therefore, the free-space transmission loss is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, and this transmission has an advantage at longer distances over fiber-based transmission. The final key rates for free-space and fiber-based transmission systems are compared with respect to the parameters for the dark count rate, the imperfection of the optical system, and so on. In this paper, the trade-off of free-space and fiber-based systems is presented.

TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES SPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN•Jan 1, 2009•3 citations

QBER Estimation in QKD Systems With Polarization Encoding

Nelson Jesus Muga, Mário F. S. Ferreira, Armando N. Pinto

A model for quantum BER estimation in polarization encoded quantum key distribution systems is presented. Both TDM and WDM based polarization control schemes are analyzed. It is shown that TDM presents some important advantages when compared with the WDM control scheme. In WDM, the polarization decorrelation between the reference and data signals is an intrinsic and very limitative impairment. This effect has a contribution to quantum BER that increases with the propagation distance, and is highly dependent on the fiber polarization mode dispersion. In the TDM control scheme, the polarization decorrelation is less critical and other issues, like the single photon detector and feedback polarization control system performance tend to dominate. We show that for long distances the fiber losses represent the main contribution to the total quantum BER. Nevertheless, for distances shorter than 70 km and frequencies higher than 5 MHz the after pulse detections provide an important contribution to the total quantum BER.

Journal of Lightwave Technology•Dec 22, 2010•43 citations

Impact of fiber dispersion on the performance of entanglement-based dispersive optics quantum key distribution

Jing-Yuan Liu, Xu Liu, Wei Zhang +1 more

Dispersive optics quantum key distribution (DO-QKD) based on energy-time entangled photon pairs is an important QKD scheme. In DO-QKD, the arrival time of photons is used in key generation and security analysis, which would be greatly affected by fiber dispersion. In this work, we established a theoretical model of the entanglement-based DO-QKD system, considering the protocol, physical processes (such as fiber transmission and single-photon detection), and the analysis of security tests. Based on this theoretical model, we investigate the influence of chromatic dispersion introduced by transmission fibers on the performance of DO-QKD. By analyzing the benefits and costs of dispersion compensation, the system performance under G.652 and G.655 optical fibers are shown, respectively. The results show that dispersion compensation is unnecessary for DO-QKD systems in campus networks and even metro networks. Whereas, it is still required in DO-QKD systems with longer fiber transmission distances.

Journal of Electronic Science and Technology•Jun 8, 2021•7 citations
The effects of fiber dispersion and loss and single-photon detector dark counts on key transmission rate and BER of quantum key distribution system through theoretical analysis and computation are studied . Research demonstrates that fiber loss is the main factor that influences quantum key transmission rate, while quantum BER is related to fiber loss, dispersion, pulse width, dark counts and Rayleigh backscattering. In the experiment, we should try to reduce fiber loss, dispersion and single-photon detector dark counts, and meanwhile choose appropriate initial pulse width, thereby enhancing quantum key transmission rate and reducing BER, thus effectively enhance the transmission distance of quantum key distribution system.
Studied are the effects of fiber dispersion and loss and single-photon detector dark counts on key transmission rate and bit error rate of quantum key distribution system through theoretical analysis and computation. Research demonstrates that fiber loss is the main factor that influences quantum key transmission rate, while quantum bit error rate is related to fiber loss, dispersion, pulse width, dark counts and Rayleigh backscattering. Theoretical calculation indicates that in the current single-mode fiber-based plug & play quantum key distribution system with a dark counts of 10 -5/ns, the utilization of short pulse with 1550 nm wavelength and a 50 ps width can achieve the maximum transmission distance of 131 km. If we reduce dark counts or use G.653 dispersion-shifted fiber with short pulse, we can further improve key transmission rate and reduce the quantum bit error rate, thus effectively enhance the transmission distance of quantum key distribution system.
Measuring device-independent quantum key distribution scheme can remove all detectors' side-channel flaw, combined with decoy state program to achieve absolute security of quantum key distribution. In this paper, the statistical law of large numbers fluctuate limited key length measuring device-independent quantum key distribution scheme in single-photon counting rate and BER (Bit Error Rate) were analyzed, and the key length of the single-photon N = 106~ 1012counting rate and the key generation rate simulation were performed. Simulation results show that: in the optical fiber transmission, with decreasing key length 300km, the secure transmission distance, decreased respectively to 260km (N = 1010) and 75km (N = 106). When N = 1012, secure transmission distance is reached at 295km, close to the theoretical limit.
The distance for quantum key distribution using optical fibers is limited to around 100 km by the transmission loss, background level in the optical fibers, and birefringence in the fibers. Free space is an ideal medium for transmitting photon-based quantum information; this is considered to be the key advantage of quantum cryptography. In fiber-based systems, there is an optical loss in the fiber of about 0.2 dB/km for a telecom wavelength of 1.5 µm. That is, after a propagation of 150 km, the transmission loss in the fiber becomes 30 dB. On the other hand, free-space transmission obeys the diffraction theory of laser light; therefore, the free-space transmission loss is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, and this transmission has an advantage at longer distances over fiber-based transmission. The final key rates for free-space and fiber-based transmission systems are compared with respect to the parameters for the dark count rate, the imperfection of the optical system, and so on. In this paper, the trade-off of free-space and fiber-based systems is presented.
A model for quantum BER estimation in polarization encoded quantum key distribution systems is presented. Both TDM and WDM based polarization control schemes are analyzed. It is shown that TDM presents some important advantages when compared with the WDM control scheme. In WDM, the polarization decorrelation between the reference and data signals is an intrinsic and very limitative impairment. This effect has a contribution to quantum BER that increases with the propagation distance, and is highly dependent on the fiber polarization mode dispersion. In the TDM control scheme, the polarization decorrelation is less critical and other issues, like the single photon detector and feedback polarization control system performance tend to dominate. We show that for long distances the fiber losses represent the main contribution to the total quantum BER. Nevertheless, for distances shorter than 70 km and frequencies higher than 5 MHz the after pulse detections provide an important contribution to the total quantum BER.
Dispersive optics quantum key distribution (DO-QKD) based on energy-time entangled photon pairs is an important QKD scheme. In DO-QKD, the arrival time of photons is used in key generation and security analysis, which would be greatly affected by fiber dispersion. In this work, we established a theoretical model of the entanglement-based DO-QKD system, considering the protocol, physical processes (such as fiber transmission and single-photon detection), and the analysis of security tests. Based on this theoretical model, we investigate the influence of chromatic dispersion introduced by transmission fibers on the performance of DO-QKD. By analyzing the benefits and costs of dispersion compensation, the system performance under G.652 and G.655 optical fibers are shown, respectively. The results show that dispersion compensation is unnecessary for DO-QKD systems in campus networks and even metro networks. Whereas, it is still required in DO-QKD systems with longer fiber transmission distances.