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Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications

Study on fluorescence collection enhancement of NV color centers in diamond by anti-reflection gradient refractive index diamond-like coatings

Zhiyu He, Yang Du, Xin Tan, Juan Li, Lei Cang, Tianning Pang, Hui Qi

Published Aug 8, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101432

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Quantum sensing has become a rapidly growing research within the area of sensor, which can break through the limits of traditional physical sensing and make sensing accuracy to the nanometer scale. Meanwhile nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in bulk diamond as a sensor has varieties of applications because of its excellent characteristics. However, there are large optical reflection and low fluorescence collection efficiency at the diamond-air interface because of the large refractive index gap between diamond and air, thereby reducing the sensing sensitivity. In this work, we report a multi-layer anti-reflection coating and fabrication on the surface of diamond with genetic algorithm to solve optimization value of the average reflectance Rave in the wavelength range of 600-800 nm. And we fabricate SiO2-Si3N4double-layer anti-reflection coating on diamond substrate by plasma chemical vapor deposition. Experiment results show that with an anti-reflection coating, the fluorescence collection efficiency is significantly improved, and the average transmittance in the wavelength range of 600-800 nm is increased from 82.8% to 96.7%.
We realize anti-reflection (AR) coatings for optical excitation and fluorescence measurements of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in bulk diamond by depositing quarter-wavelength thick silica layers on the diamond surface. These AR coatings improve NV-diamond optical measurements by reducing optical reflection at the diamond-air interface from ≈17% to ≈2%, which allows more effective NV optical excitation and more efficient detection of NV fluorescence. We also show that diamond AR coatings eliminate standing-wave interference patterns of excitation laser intensity within bulk diamond, and thereby greatly reduce spatial variations in NV fluorescence, which can degrade spatially resolved magnetic field sensing using NV centers.