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Study on Fluorescence Enhancement of Nv Color Centers in Diamond by Anti-Reflection Gradient Refractive Index Diamond-Like Coatings

Xin Tan, Yanlong Du, Jiachang Li, Zhanqing He, Lei Cang, Tianning Pang, Hui Qi

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.2139/ssrn.5017344

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Quantum sensing has become a rapidly growing research within the area of sensor, which can break through the limits of traditional physical sensing and make sensing accuracy to the nanometer scale. Meanwhile nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in bulk diamond as a sensor has varieties of applications because of its excellent characteristics. However, there are large optical reflection and low fluorescence collection efficiency at the diamond-air interface because of the large refractive index gap between diamond and air, thereby reducing the sensing sensitivity. In this work, we report a multi-layer anti-reflection coating and fabrication on the surface of diamond with genetic algorithm to solve optimization value of the average reflectance Rave in the wavelength range of 600-800 nm. And we fabricate SiO2-Si3N4double-layer anti-reflection coating on diamond substrate by plasma chemical vapor deposition. Experiment results show that with an anti-reflection coating, the fluorescence collection efficiency is significantly improved, and the average transmittance in the wavelength range of 600-800 nm is increased from 82.8% to 96.7%.
We realize anti-reflection (AR) coatings for optical excitation and fluorescence measurements of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in bulk diamond by depositing quarter-wavelength thick silica layers on the diamond surface. These AR coatings improve NV-diamond optical measurements by reducing optical reflection at the diamond-air interface from ≈17% to ≈2%, which allows more effective NV optical excitation and more efficient detection of NV fluorescence. We also show that diamond AR coatings eliminate standing-wave interference patterns of excitation laser intensity within bulk diamond, and thereby greatly reduce spatial variations in NV fluorescence, which can degrade spatially resolved magnetic field sensing using NV centers.
The negatively-charged nitrogen vacancy (NV(-)) center in diamond is of great interest for quantum information processing and quantum key distribution applications due to its highly desirable long coherence times at room temperature. One of the challenges for their use in these applications involves the requirement to further optimize the lifetime and emission properties of the centers. Our results demonstrate the reduction of the lifetime of NV(-) centers, and hence an increase in the emission rate, achieved by modifying the refractive index of the environment surrounding the nanodiamond (ND). By coating the NDs in a polymer film, experimental results and numerical calculations show an average of 63% reduction in the lifetime and an average enhancement in the emission rate by a factor of 1.6. This strategy is also applicable for emitters other than diamond color centers where the particle refractive index is greater than the refractive index of the surrounding media.