Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Conference on Optoelectronic Information and Optical Engineering (OIOE)

Nonlinear Sagnac fiber interferometer based on coherent feedback control

Xiaoyu Feng, Min Nie, Guang Yang

Published Jun 10, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In order to improve the phase sensitivity of nonlinear Sagnac interferometer, a nonlinear Sagnac fiber optic interferometer based on feedback control is designed to improve the phase sensitivity by introducing a feedback control loop into the nonlinear Sagnac interferometer. This design adopts the composite feedback control structure of Nonlinear Beam Splitter (NBS) and Linear Beam Splitter (BS). By adjusting the reflectivity of the Linear Beam Splitter, the intensity of the feedback signal can be effectively changed to regulate the phase sensitivity of the interferometer. The feedback amplified signal light passes through the Sagnac fiber optic ring before being processed by a second NBS for quantum enhancement to further improve the phase sensitivity of the interferometer. The simulation results show that the phase sensitivity of the interferometer with certain feedback strength is better than that without feedback. Especially when the phase difference is π, the phase sensitivity of the interferometer with low and medium feedback strengths is improved by 33.3% and 28.9% respectively; In addition, the gain coefficient of the NBS is a key parameter affecting the performance of the interferometer, and a suitable gain coefficient can further optimize the phase sensitivity of the interferometer.

DOI
10.1117/12.3068141

Related papers

Enhancement of the phase-measurement sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit by a nonlinear interferometer

Z. Y. Ou

A nonlinear interferometer uses nonlinear elements as beam splitters to split and to recombine optical waves for interference. As a result, the interference fringe size has a nonlinear dependence on the intensity of the field for phase sensing and leads to an enhanced phase signal. In this paper, a practical scheme of nonlinear interferometry for precision phase measurement is analyzed with parametric amplifiers as the nonlinear beam splitters. It is found that the signal due to phase shift is enhanced by a factor of the amplification gain as compared to a linear interferometer with the same phase-sensing light intensity while the quantum noise is kept at the vacuum level, thus, effectively increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) beyond the standard quantum limit. Furthermore, the scheme is not as sensitive to the detection loss as the linear scheme with a squeezed state for noise reduction. However, losses inside the interferometer limit the enhancement factor in SNR. We apply the concept to a Michelson interferometer but with parametric amplifiers involved for gravitational-wave detection. We find that effective power is increased by the gain of the amplifiers without actually increasing the cycling power inside the interferometer. Furthermore, the full benefits with squeezed input and variational output or the combination of a quantum nondemolition interferometer for sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit apply here with even better results. Such a nonlinear interferometer will find wide applications in precision measurements.

Physical Review A•Feb 14, 2012•195 citations

Quantum entanglement in coherent feedback system based on the cascaded four wave mixing processes

Yinyin Zhong, Xiaozhou Pan, Jietai Jing

Based on the cascaded four wave mixing processes, a coherent-feedback control system is constructed by utilizing a linear beam splitter as the feedback controller. Considering the loss of optical propagation in the coherent feedback loop and the absorption effect of Rb vapor cells to beams, we theoretically investigate the entanglement properties of this system under different feedback ratio, gain and phase by calculating the covariance matrix of system and applying the positivity under partial transpose (PPT) criterion to all possible bipartitions. The result shows that the genuine tripartite entanglement exists in the coherent feedback control system, but the entanglement structure of system will be destroyed by the excessive feedback. In addition, when the phase is π, we find that the tripartite entanglement can be enhanced by changing the gains and the reflectivity of the beam splitter in the range of 0.1 to 0.4. The results pave the way for manipulating multipartite entanglement by coherent feedback control and have potential application in quantum communication.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2020•2 citations

Phase-sensitive amplification of optical signal by an SOA in a nonlinear Sagnac interferometer

Yongzhang Leng, Christopher J. K. Richardson, J. Goldhar

Phase-sensitive amplification of picosecond optical pulses was demonstrated using an SOA as the nonlinear medium inside a Sagnac interferometer with a weak control signal. Numerical simulations using a semiconductor amplifier model are consistent with experiments.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•May 1, 2008•1 citation

Nonlinear Sagnac interferometer based on the four-wave mixing process

Jun Xin, Jinming Liu, Jietai Jing

A new nonlinear Sagnac interferometer (NSI) is proposed by replacing the beam-splitter in the traditional Sagnac interferometer (TSI) with a four-wave mixing process. Such a NSI has better angular velocity sensitivity than the one of the TSI. The standard quantum limit can be beaten and the Heisenberg Limit can even be reached for the ideal case by the NSI. We study the effect of the losses on the angular velocity sensitivity of the NSI and find that the optimal angular velocity, where the best angular velocity sensitivity can be obtained, of the NSI may be dependent on the losses inside the interferometer. Such a NSI has its advantages compared with the TSI and may find its potential applications in quantum metrology.

Optics Express•Jan 18, 2017•14 citations

Realization of a nonlinear interferometer with parametric amplifiers

Jietai Jing, Cunjin Liu, Zhifan Zhou +2 more

We construct an interferometer with parametric amplifiers as beam splitters. Because of the gain in the parametric amplifiers, the maximum output intensity of the interferometer can be much bigger than the input intensity as well as the intensity inside the interferometer (the phase sensing intensity). We find that the fringe intensity depends quadratically on the intensity of the phase sensing field at high gain. This type of nonlinear interferometer has better sensitivity than the traditional linear interferometer made of beam splitters with the same phase sensing intensity.

Applied Physics Letters•Jul 4, 2011•197 citations

High sensitivity quantum Michelson interferometer

Zuo Xiao-Jie, Sun Ying-Rong, Yan Zhi-Hui +1 more

Michelson interferometer can be applied to not only the building block of the fundamental research of physics, but also the precise measurement, such as the direct observation of gravity wave signal. Therefore, high performance Michelson interferometer is the key step towards the implementation of direct observation of weak gravity wave signal. Recently, the vacuum noise was reduced by injecting squeezed vacuum into the unused port of Michelson interferomter, and the phase signal optical field in Mach-Zender interferometer is amplified based on the four-wave mixing in hot Rubidium atom. Here we study high sensitivity quantum Michelson interferometer. In the Michelson interferometer, the linear optical beam splitter is replaced by a non-degenerated optical parametric amplifier to realize the splitting and combining of optical fields, and the squeezed vacuum is also injected into the unused port of interferomter, so that the high signal-to-noise ratio and high sensitivity of phase measurement can be realized. Due to the inevitable optical losses, the losses inside and outside the Michelson interferometer are considered in our theoretical model. We investigate the influences of the losses inside and outside the Michelson interferometer on the sensitivity of phase measurement. By theoretical calculation, we analyze the dependence of sensitivity of phase measurement on system parameters, such as intensity of optical fields for phase sensing, gain factor of non-degenerated optical parametric amplifier, the losses inside and outside the Michelson interferometer, and the squeezing parameter of input squeezed vacuum, and thus the condition of high sensitivity nonlinear Michelson interferometer can be obtained. In a broad system parametric range, the quantum Michaleson interferometer can surpass standard quantum limit, and the nonlinear Michaleson interferometer with squeezed state injection can provide the optimal sensitivity for phase measurement. The nonlinear Michelson interferometer with squeezed state is suitable for weak signal measurement. While the gain factor of non-degenerated optical parametric amplifier is large enough, the nonlinear Michelson interferometer without injecting the squeezed vacuum can still reach the optimal sensitivity, which reduces the use of quantum resources. When the phase sensing optical field is strong, the linear Michelson interferometer with injecting the squeezed vacuum can also reach the optimal sensitivity, and the sensitivity is robust for both losses inside and outside the interferometer. All the kinds of interferometers are more sensitive to the loss inside the interferometer than outside the interferometer, and the sensitivity of phase measurement can be improved by reducing the loss inside the interferometer. Our result provides direct reference of experimental implementation of high performance interferometer for high precision quantum metrology.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2018•3 citations
In order to improve the phase sensitivity of nonlinear Sagnac interferometer, a nonlinear Sagnac fiber optic interferometer based on feedback control is designed to improve the phase sensitivity by introducing a feedback control loop into the nonlinear Sagnac interferometer. This design adopts the composite feedback control structure of Nonlinear Beam Splitter (NBS) and Linear Beam Splitter (BS). By adjusting the reflectivity of the Linear Beam Splitter, the intensity of the feedback signal can be effectively changed to regulate the phase sensitivity of the interferometer. The feedback amplified signal light passes through the Sagnac fiber optic ring before being processed by a second NBS for quantum enhancement to further improve the phase sensitivity of the interferometer. The simulation results show that the phase sensitivity of the interferometer with certain feedback strength is better than that without feedback. Especially when the phase difference is π, the phase sensitivity of the interferometer with low and medium feedback strengths is improved by 33.3% and 28.9% respectively; In addition, the gain coefficient of the NBS is a key parameter affecting the performance of the interferometer, and a suitable gain coefficient can further optimize the phase sensitivity of the interferometer.
A nonlinear interferometer uses nonlinear elements as beam splitters to split and to recombine optical waves for interference. As a result, the interference fringe size has a nonlinear dependence on the intensity of the field for phase sensing and leads to an enhanced phase signal. In this paper, a practical scheme of nonlinear interferometry for precision phase measurement is analyzed with parametric amplifiers as the nonlinear beam splitters. It is found that the signal due to phase shift is enhanced by a factor of the amplification gain as compared to a linear interferometer with the same phase-sensing light intensity while the quantum noise is kept at the vacuum level, thus, effectively increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) beyond the standard quantum limit. Furthermore, the scheme is not as sensitive to the detection loss as the linear scheme with a squeezed state for noise reduction. However, losses inside the interferometer limit the enhancement factor in SNR. We apply the concept to a Michelson interferometer but with parametric amplifiers involved for gravitational-wave detection. We find that effective power is increased by the gain of the amplifiers without actually increasing the cycling power inside the interferometer. Furthermore, the full benefits with squeezed input and variational output or the combination of a quantum nondemolition interferometer for sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit apply here with even better results. Such a nonlinear interferometer will find wide applications in precision measurements.
Based on the cascaded four wave mixing processes, a coherent-feedback control system is constructed by utilizing a linear beam splitter as the feedback controller. Considering the loss of optical propagation in the coherent feedback loop and the absorption effect of Rb vapor cells to beams, we theoretically investigate the entanglement properties of this system under different feedback ratio, gain and phase by calculating the covariance matrix of system and applying the positivity under partial transpose (PPT) criterion to all possible bipartitions. The result shows that the genuine tripartite entanglement exists in the coherent feedback control system, but the entanglement structure of system will be destroyed by the excessive feedback. In addition, when the phase is π, we find that the tripartite entanglement can be enhanced by changing the gains and the reflectivity of the beam splitter in the range of 0.1 to 0.4. The results pave the way for manipulating multipartite entanglement by coherent feedback control and have potential application in quantum communication.
A new nonlinear Sagnac interferometer (NSI) is proposed by replacing the beam-splitter in the traditional Sagnac interferometer (TSI) with a four-wave mixing process. Such a NSI has better angular velocity sensitivity than the one of the TSI. The standard quantum limit can be beaten and the Heisenberg Limit can even be reached for the ideal case by the NSI. We study the effect of the losses on the angular velocity sensitivity of the NSI and find that the optimal angular velocity, where the best angular velocity sensitivity can be obtained, of the NSI may be dependent on the losses inside the interferometer. Such a NSI has its advantages compared with the TSI and may find its potential applications in quantum metrology.
We construct an interferometer with parametric amplifiers as beam splitters. Because of the gain in the parametric amplifiers, the maximum output intensity of the interferometer can be much bigger than the input intensity as well as the intensity inside the interferometer (the phase sensing intensity). We find that the fringe intensity depends quadratically on the intensity of the phase sensing field at high gain. This type of nonlinear interferometer has better sensitivity than the traditional linear interferometer made of beam splitters with the same phase sensing intensity.
Michelson interferometer can be applied to not only the building block of the fundamental research of physics, but also the precise measurement, such as the direct observation of gravity wave signal. Therefore, high performance Michelson interferometer is the key step towards the implementation of direct observation of weak gravity wave signal. Recently, the vacuum noise was reduced by injecting squeezed vacuum into the unused port of Michelson interferomter, and the phase signal optical field in Mach-Zender interferometer is amplified based on the four-wave mixing in hot Rubidium atom. Here we study high sensitivity quantum Michelson interferometer. In the Michelson interferometer, the linear optical beam splitter is replaced by a non-degenerated optical parametric amplifier to realize the splitting and combining of optical fields, and the squeezed vacuum is also injected into the unused port of interferomter, so that the high signal-to-noise ratio and high sensitivity of phase measurement can be realized. Due to the inevitable optical losses, the losses inside and outside the Michelson interferometer are considered in our theoretical model. We investigate the influences of the losses inside and outside the Michelson interferometer on the sensitivity of phase measurement. By theoretical calculation, we analyze the dependence of sensitivity of phase measurement on system parameters, such as intensity of optical fields for phase sensing, gain factor of non-degenerated optical parametric amplifier, the losses inside and outside the Michelson interferometer, and the squeezing parameter of input squeezed vacuum, and thus the condition of high sensitivity nonlinear Michelson interferometer can be obtained. In a broad system parametric range, the quantum Michaleson interferometer can surpass standard quantum limit, and the nonlinear Michaleson interferometer with squeezed state injection can provide the optimal sensitivity for phase measurement. The nonlinear Michelson interferometer with squeezed state is suitable for weak signal measurement. While the gain factor of non-degenerated optical parametric amplifier is large enough, the nonlinear Michelson interferometer without injecting the squeezed vacuum can still reach the optimal sensitivity, which reduces the use of quantum resources. When the phase sensing optical field is strong, the linear Michelson interferometer with injecting the squeezed vacuum can also reach the optimal sensitivity, and the sensitivity is robust for both losses inside and outside the interferometer. All the kinds of interferometers are more sensitive to the loss inside the interferometer than outside the interferometer, and the sensitivity of phase measurement can be improved by reducing the loss inside the interferometer. Our result provides direct reference of experimental implementation of high performance interferometer for high precision quantum metrology.