Abstract To address the challenge of disseminating confidential information from multiple agents to multiple agents, a dynamic quantum secret sharing protocol is proposed for multiparty ( agents in the Group 1) to multiparty ( agents in the Group 2) based on entanglement swapping of Bell states. This protocol accommodates an unequal number of agents in two groups with and enables the addition and revocation of agents in the Group 2 in both the pre‐measurement phase and the post‐measurement phase. In addition, agents in the Group 1 can verify the shares of agents in the Group 2 without the need for a third party, which significantly enhances the security and simplifies the protocol. A comprehensive security analysis demonstrates that the protocol can effectively resist common attacks in quantum communications. The simulation on the IBM's Qiskit framework shows the correctness and usefulness of the protocol. Compared with previous protocols, the protocol is more flexible and practical. Moreover, the protocol based on Bell states exhibits superior performance compared with previous protocols that utilised others entangled states. This study offers a more flexible and efficient solution for advancing the field of quantum secure communications.
Abstract To address the challenge of disseminating confidential information from multiple agents to multiple agents, a dynamic quantum secret sharing protocol is proposed for multiparty ( agents in the Group 1) to multiparty ( agents in the Group 2) based on entanglement swapping of Bell states. This protocol accommodates an unequal number of agents in two groups with and enables the addition and revocation of agents in the Group 2 in both the pre‐measurement phase and the post‐measurement phase. In addition, agents in the Group 1 can verify the shares of agents in the Group 2 without the need for a third party, which significantly enhances the security and simplifies the protocol. A comprehensive security analysis demonstrates that the protocol can effectively resist common attacks in quantum communications. The simulation on the IBM's Qiskit framework shows the correctness and usefulness of the protocol. Compared with previous protocols, the protocol is more flexible and practical. Moreover, the protocol based on Bell states exhibits superior performance compared with previous protocols that utilised others entangled states. This study offers a more flexible and efficient solution for advancing the field of quantum secure communications.
Abstract Quantum secret sharing as a privacy‐preserving scheme necessitating collaborative efforts from all participating users to collectively recover encrypted information. This paper introduces a novel dynamic multi‐party to multi‐party quantum secret sharing protocol based on Bell states, enabling secure sharing of secrets among dynamically changing multi‐party. The protocol innovatively employs Bell states combined with simplified local unitary operations, significantly reducing the complexity and enhancing the scalability of practical implementations in quantum communication systems. Particularly, through simulation using IBM's Qiskit framework, its correctness and practicality are confirmed. Security analysis demonstrates that the protocol effectively withstands common attack methods, providing reliability, and security in quantum communication. This research presents a more flexible and efficient solution in the field of quantum secret sharing.
Utilizing the advantage of Bell state,a multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol with authentication is put forward.In the protocol,the deal encodes two classical bits of secret message on the quantum carrier though performing local unitary operation.He splits the secret message into n shares and then distributes them to n agents via entanglement swapping.Each agent makes a Bell state measurement on the particles in his hand,and obtains his piece of secret according to the measurement result.In the process of reconstruction,these n agents declare respectively their pieces of secret,and recover the secret message if and only if they collaborate.At the same time,combining the technology of Hash function,the identities of the deal and the agents are authenticated.Hence,one main goal of designing the presented protocol,two-way authentication,is achieved.Moreover,we analyze the security and authentication of the presented protocol in detail.It is shown that this protocol can stand against the attacks of outside eavesdropper and inside participant,which means that it is secure in theory.In addition,since the Bell state was used at most,as compared with other quantum secret sharing protocols,the implementation of the presented protocol is more feasible in the current technical conditions.
This paper proposes a dynamic multiparty to multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme, where two distant groups of participants can share the common secrets. In our present scheme, a trusted third party is required to reliably prepare all quantum resources. Each agent only needs to perform the local unitary operations or single-particle measurement completing the process of secret sharing. Secret can be recovered only if all agents cooperate each other. Furthermore, a new agent can be added or deleted from the current scheme with the help of the trusted third party. Finally, security analysis shows that our scheme can resist various common attacks. Compared to former existing researches, our scheme can be more efficient in real application.
A multiparty quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocol of classical messages (i.e., classical bits) is proposed by using swapping quantum entanglement of Bell states. The secret messages are imposed on Bell states by local unitary operations. The secret messages are split into several parts, and each part is distributed to a separate party so that no action of a subset of all the parties without the cooperation of the entire group is able to read out the secret messages. In addition, dense coding is used in this protocol to achieve a high efficiency. The security of the present multiparty QSS against eavesdropping has been analyzed and confirmed even in a noisy quantum channel.
The insecurity of the protocols for quantum secret sharing(QSS) based on entanglement swapping was analyzed,and a new method of QSS based on entanglement swapping was proposed.The entanglement states were all generated by the sender,and the order of two photons sent to the same agent was randomly changed.After the photons arrived at the receiver,for the detection mode,the order of the two photons was announced,so that the two parties detected the security of the quantum channel;for the information mode,the two receivers respectively did Bell measurement on the two photons they owned,and then communicated through classical channel to share the secret key with the sender.Analysis results show that this protocol not only ensures the validity and security of the shared information,but also only uses the entanglement states of two photons without unitary operation.
Quantum secret sharing (QSS), an important branch of quantum communication, is the generalization of classical secret sharing into quantum scenario. The secret messages are split into several parts, and each part is distributed to a separate party so that no action of a subset of all the parties without the cooperation of the entire group is able to read out the secret messages. In this paper, a quantum state sharing protocol is proposed by using entanglement swapping and random EPR selection. The EPR pairs of Bell-state measurement are selected randomly by the sender Alice, which can improve the security of the scheme and raise probability of detecting Eve to 95.8%. In addition, difference coding is used in this protocol to achieve a high efficiency. The security of the present multiparty QSS against eavesdropping has been analyzed. It is convenient in application as it require only two qubit entanglements, one measuring-basis and two-qubit joint measurements, not GHZ states, for sharing an arbitrary secret two-qubit state.