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Synthesis lectures on emerging engineering technologies

Josephson Junction-Based Superconducting Memories

Ahmedullah Aziz, Shamiul Alam

Published Jan 1, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-031-83557-5_3

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Superconducting/semiconducting hybrids and advance memory concepts for superconducting electronics. Final report, 1 May 1992-30 September 1997

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Superconducting logic circuits based on Josephson junctions (JJ) are the fastest, lowest power solid state digital circuit technology known. Large scale integration of such circuits has also been demonstrated. By contrast, current superconducting memory circuits based on flux quantization are not equivalently advanced. Very dense memory chips have not been possible to date and seem unlikely to come without new invention. The goal of this project was to explore alternative approaches to memory that would be compatible with Josephson junction logic circuits and capable of much denser memory arrays. Five new approaches were investigated ranging from modification to the current approach, use of semiconductor CMOS and wholly new concepts based on new physical principles. Three of these were identified as worth pursuing. They are use of cooled CMOS, use of cryogenic hybrid JJ/CMOS memory concepts and a totally new magnetoresistive approach to memory based on the superconductor/ferromagnet proximity effect.

•Nov 1, 1997•0 citations
The lack of dense, fast, energy efficient memory has been the main detractor for multiple superconducting digital projects in the past. Recently, fundamental physics research in superconductor-ferromagnet thin-film tunnel structures created a new opportunity to solve this long-standing problem. Superconductivity and ferromagnetism, two deeply antagonistic electronic properties, can co-exist in form of Magnetic Josephson Junctions (MJJs). The superconducting-ferromagnetic MJJs are electrically compatible with traditional superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) Josephson junctions (JJs) used for digital energy-efficient single flux quantum (eSFQ/ERSFQ) circuits. Both MJJ and JJ circuits have similar fabrication process and can be integrated on a single chip. As a result, a combination of MJJs and JJs can be used to form addressable memory cells, energy-efficient memory periphery circuits and programmable logic elements. In this paper, we present the test results of superconductor-insulator-ferromagnet-superconductor (SIFS) MJJs showing their applicability for superconducting spintronic memory and digital circuits.
We investigate a Magnetic Josephson Junction (MJJ) - a superconducting device with ferromagnetic barrier for a scalable high-density cryogenic memory compatible with energy-efficient single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits. The superconductor-insulator-superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor (SIS'FS) MJJs are analyzed both experimentally and theoretically. We found that the properties of SIS'FS junctions fall into two distinct classes based on the thickness of S'layer. We fabricate Nb-Al/AlOx-Nb-PdFe-Nb SIS'FS MJJs using a co-processing approach with a combination of HYPRES and ISSP fabrication processes. The resultant SIS'FS structure with thin superconducting S'-layer is substantially affected by the ferromagnetic layer as a whole. We fabricate these type of junctions to reach the device compatibility with conventional SIS junctions used for superconducting SFQ electronics to ensure a seamless integration of MJJ-based circuits and SIS JJ-based ultra-fast digital SFQ circuits. We report experimental results for MJJs, demonstrating their applicability for superconducting memory and digital circuits. These MJJs exhibitIcRnproduct only ~ 30% lower than that of conventional SIS junctions co-produced in the same fabrication. Analytical calculations for these SIS'FS structures are in a good agreement with the experiment. We discuss application of MJJ devices for memory and programmable logic circuits.
Superconducting logic circuits based on Josephson junctions (JJ) are the fastest, lowest power solid state digital circuit technology known. Large scale integration of such circuits has also been demonstrated. By contrast, current superconducting memory circuits based on flux quantization are not equivalently advanced. Very dense memory chips have not been possible to date and seem unlikely to come without new invention. The goal of this project was to explore alternative approaches to memory that would be compatible with Josephson junction logic circuits and capable of much denser memory arrays. Five new approaches were investigated ranging from modification to the current approach, use of semiconductor CMOS and wholly new concepts based on new physical principles. Three of these were identified as worth pursuing. They are use of cooled CMOS, use of cryogenic hybrid JJ/CMOS memory concepts and a totally new magnetoresistive approach to memory based on the superconductor/ferromagnet proximity effect.