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Physical Review A

Real-time compensation scheme for the accurate measurement of the differential phase in a dual-atom-interferometer gyroscope

Ze-Xi Lu, Zhan-Wei Yao, Honghui Chen, Yin-Fei Mao, Si-Bin Lu, Min Jiang, Shao-Kang Li, Ke Min, Jie Gu, An-Qing Zhang, Runbing Li, Jin Wang, Mingsheng Zhan

Published Mar 10, 2025• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A dual-atom-interferometer gyroscope has high sensitivity for accurate rotation measurements because of its immunity to common-mode noise. However, a measurement error is induced as the common phase noise, e.g., vibration noise, increases. In this work, we demonstrated a real-time compensation (RTC) scheme to improve the accuracy of measurements of the differential phase in dual atom interferometers. The vibration noise was measured by two seismometers and its induced phase shift was fed back to the Raman lasers after this shift was calculated based on the sensitivity function of the atom interferometers. After the RTC module was applied, the interference signals obtained via the square modulation method were stabilized at their midfringe points, which caused the vibration-induced phase noise for each of the atom interferometers to decrease from 495 mrad to 165 mrad. The differential phase error obtained by the dual atom interferometers and two seismometers was reduced from 114.8 mrad to 49.6 mrad, which implies that the rotation measurement error was improved by a factor of 2.3. This work paves the way to accurately measuring the rotation signal and has promising applications in fields of precision measurements.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.111.033305

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A dual-atom-interferometer gyroscope has high sensitivity for accurate rotation measurements because of its immunity to common-mode noise. However, a measurement error is induced as the common phase noise, e.g., vibration noise, increases. In this work, we demonstrated a real-time compensation (RTC) scheme to improve the accuracy of measurements of the differential phase in dual atom interferometers. The vibration noise was measured by two seismometers and its induced phase shift was fed back to the Raman lasers after this shift was calculated based on the sensitivity function of the atom interferometers. After the RTC module was applied, the interference signals obtained via the square modulation method were stabilized at their midfringe points, which caused the vibration-induced phase noise for each of the atom interferometers to decrease from 495 mrad to 165 mrad. The differential phase error obtained by the dual atom interferometers and two seismometers was reduced from 114.8 mrad to 49.6 mrad, which implies that the rotation measurement error was improved by a factor of 2.3. This work paves the way to accurately measuring the rotation signal and has promising applications in fields of precision measurements.
We propose and demonstrate a dynamical mirror compensation scheme to restore velocity immunity in a large-area dual-atom-interferometer gyroscope. In an ideal Mach-Zehnder configuration, the phase shift is inherently immune to atomic velocity, but this property is broken by the Earth's rotation via the Coriolis effect. We overcome this by actively rotating the Raman mirrors during the pulse sequence to cancel the time-dependent angular offset. The implementation relies on a decouplable calibration-compensation chain to remove rotation-induced time-dependent terms. The scheme is validated on a dual-atom-interferometer gyroscope with an interference area of 21.1 cm^2. After compensation, the phase's dependence on atomic velocity is reduced 40-fold, and the velocity contribution to scale-factor stability is evaluated to be 0.13 ppm. The sensor achieves a rotation sensitivity of 1.3\times10^{-8} rad/s/Hz^{1/2} and a stability of 1.9\times10^{-10} rad/s at 4500 s integration, together with a common-mode noise rejection ratio of up to 459, demonstrated in a seismic event. This work removes a key obstacle to scale-factor stabilization in atom-interferometer gyroscopes and paves the way for their applications in inertial navigation and geophysics.
We propose and demonstrate a method for calibrating atomic trajectories in a large-area dual-atom-interferometer gyroscope. The atom trajectories are monitored by modulating and delaying the Raman transition, and they are precisely calibrated by controlling the laser orientation and the bias magnetic field. To improve the immunity to the gravity effect and the common phase noise, the symmetry and the overlap of two large-area atomic interference loops are optimized by calibrating the atomic trajectories and by aligning the Raman-laser orientations. The dual-atom-interferometer gyroscope is applied in the measurement of the Earth's rotation. The sensitivity is $1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ rad $\mathrm{s}{}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\text{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$, and the long-term stability is $6.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ rad/s at 2000 s.
Abstract Dual atom interferometer configurations have been extensively applied in gyroscopes and gradiometers to suppress common mode noise and extract inertial signals with high precision. However, the intrinsic phase coupling between the two interferometers poses a significant challenge for simultaneous fringe locking. Here, we demonstrate a dual atom interferometric gyroscope-accelerometer, where the simultaneous fringe locking is realized by employing independent direct digital synthesizer (DDSs) signals to control the laser phase shifts of each interferometer. This dual-fringe-locking approach enables both interferometer fringes in independent phase control and simultaneous feedback stabilization while preserving the common mode noise rejection inherent to the dual configuration. It facilitates the rotation and acceleration accurately and simultaneously measured; besides, compared with the traditional full-fringe recording, the data acquisition rate and the sensitivity of rotation and acceleration are enhanced. Thus, this solution is promising for high precision quantum inertial sensing applications.
Abstract In closed-loop dual-atom interferometers, the initial phase shift is a non-inertial phase induced by Raman pulses. This initial optical phase affects the measurements of both acceleration and rotation rate. In this study, we present a method to modulate the initial optical phase of light pulse atom interferometers (LPAIs). Employing this modulation method, we investigated the influence of the initial optical phase on a closed-loop dual-atom interferometer. The results reveal a better short-term sensitivity in the rotation rate measurement at an initial optical phase of 0. Our closed-loop dual-atom interferometer allows for decoupled measurements of rotation rate and acceleration. With a short interrogation time of 2T = 1.73 ms, the short-term sensitivities of the rotation rate and acceleration measurements are 2.73 × 10 − 5 ( rad / s ) / Hz and 272 μ g / Hz , respectively.
Atom-interferometer-based gyroscopes are expected to have a wide range of applications due to their high sensitivity; however, their dynamic range is limited by dephasing from the velocity-dependent Sagnac phase shift and the longitudinal velocity distribution of the atoms, restricting measurements of large angular velocities. In this study, we present a method for restoring the contrast deterioration in angular velocity measurements with interferometer gyroscopes using atomic beams. We show that by introducing a pseudorotation effect with appropriate two-photon detunings for Raman light in the interferometer, it is possible to effectively cancel the Sagnac phase shift for all atoms in the velocity distribution of the beam. Consequently, the contrast is unaffected by the rotation. Furthermore, we apply this method to an interferometer gyroscope with counterpropagating atomic beams sharing the same Raman light. It is found that the angular velocity of the system can be estimated through the detuning point where the phase difference between the two interferometers is zero. This approach ensures that the scale factor of the atom interferometer gyroscope is independent of the change in the longitudinal velocity distribution of the atomic beam. We demonstrate our technique using an interferometer gyroscope with thermal atomic beams of rubidium-87, achieving a measurement of angular velocity of $1.0{\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}/\mathrm{s}$ even with an acceleration of 0.68m/s20.68\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}/{\mathrm{s}}^{2}0.68m/s2 on a three-axis rotation table. This simple and robust dispersion-compensation method with Raman-light detuning will benefit dynamic angular velocity measurements in field applications such as the inertial navigation of vehicles.
We perform the experimental demonstration of the method proposed earlier [F. P. Dos Santos, Phys. Rev. A 91, 063615 (2015)] to extract the differential phase in dual atom interferometers. From a single magneto-optical trap, we generate two atomic sources, vertically separated and free falling synchronously, with the help of an accelerated lattice. We drive simultaneous Raman interferometers onto the two sources and use the correlation with the vibration signal measured by a seismometer to extract the phase of each interferometer. We demonstrate an optimal sensitivity of the extracted differential phase between the two interferometers, free from vibration noise and limited by detection noise, when the two interferometers are in phase.