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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Dual atom interferometric gyroscope accelerometer with simultaneous fringe locking

Huibin Yao, 岳旭光, Wenju Wei, Chen Huang, Qiang Guo, Tong Lv, Jianfei Zhou, Jun Cheng, Haicen Mao, Xinwen Chen, Changgen Li, Changhong Chen

Published Sep 30, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Dual atom interferometer configurations have been extensively applied in gyroscopes and gradiometers to suppress common mode noise and extract inertial signals with high precision. However, the intrinsic phase coupling between the two interferometers poses a significant challenge for simultaneous fringe locking. Here, we demonstrate a dual atom interferometric gyroscope-accelerometer, where the simultaneous fringe locking is realized by employing independent direct digital synthesizer (DDSs) signals to control the laser phase shifts of each interferometer. This dual-fringe-locking approach enables both interferometer fringes in independent phase control and simultaneous feedback stabilization while preserving the common mode noise rejection inherent to the dual configuration. It facilitates the rotation and acceleration accurately and simultaneously measured; besides, compared with the traditional full-fringe recording, the data acquisition rate and the sensitivity of rotation and acceleration are enhanced. Thus, this solution is promising for high precision quantum inertial sensing applications.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/aeae8f

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Abstract Dual atom interferometer configurations have been extensively applied in gyroscopes and gradiometers to suppress common mode noise and extract inertial signals with high precision. However, the intrinsic phase coupling between the two interferometers poses a significant challenge for simultaneous fringe locking. Here, we demonstrate a dual atom interferometric gyroscope-accelerometer, where the simultaneous fringe locking is realized by employing independent direct digital synthesizer (DDSs) signals to control the laser phase shifts of each interferometer. This dual-fringe-locking approach enables both interferometer fringes in independent phase control and simultaneous feedback stabilization while preserving the common mode noise rejection inherent to the dual configuration. It facilitates the rotation and acceleration accurately and simultaneously measured; besides, compared with the traditional full-fringe recording, the data acquisition rate and the sensitivity of rotation and acceleration are enhanced. Thus, this solution is promising for high precision quantum inertial sensing applications.
We report a gravity gradiometer composed of two atom interferometers which are simultaneously locked to the respective fringe center by feedback control of the Raman laser phase and magnetic field gradient. Compared with the conventional full-fringe recording method, this dual-fringe-locking strategy is capable of increasing the sampling rate and improving the sensitivity for gravity gradient measurements. Meanwhile, it retains the intrinsic advantage of rejecting common mode noises for gravity gradiometers. A short-term sensitivity of 670E/Hz1/2670 \mathrm{E}/{Hz}^{1/2}670E/Hz1/2 with a 0.25 Hz sampling rate is achieved in our gravity gradiometer. This approach may also find possible applications in other atom-interferometry-based experiments utilizing dual atomic clouds.
We demonstrate a closed-loop light-pulse atom-interferometer inertial sensor that can realize continuous decoupled measurements of acceleration and rotation rate. The sensor operates with double-loop atom interferometers, which share the same Raman light pulses in a spatially separated Mach-Zehnder configuration and use continuous cold atomic beams propagating in opposite directions from two 2D+{\text{2D}}^{+}2D+ magneto-optical trappings. Acceleration and the rotation rate are decoupled and simultaneously measured by the sum and difference of dual-atom-interferometer signals, respectively. The sensitivities of inertial measurements are also increased to be approximately 1.86 times higher than that of a single atom interferometer. The acceleration phase shift is compensated in real time by phase locking these interferometers via the Raman laser phases from the sum-interferometer signal, and the gyroscope performance is improved. We achieve long-term stabilities of $6.1\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{\ensuremath{\mu}}\text{g}$ and 840 nrad/s for the acceleration and the rotation rate, respectively, using a short interrogation time of 0.87 ms (interference area A=0.097mm2A=0.097\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{mm}}^{2}A=0.097mm2). This work provides a building block for an atomic interferometer-based inertial measurement unit for use in field applications that require a high data rate and high stability.
Atom interferometric inertial sensors offer exceptional sensitivity but are fundamentally constrained by the periodic phase response of matter-wave interference, which imposes an intrinsic half-fringe dynamic-range limit and prevents continuous inertial tracking. In multi-axis configurations, additional cross coupling between acceleration and rotation further complicates closed-loop operation. Here we demonstrate the first dual-channel closed-loop operation of an atomic beam interferometer, realizing decoupled feedback control of acceleration- and rotation-induced phases and overcoming the half-fringe limitation. Using continuous, transversely cooled 87^{87}87Rb atomic beams, the interferometric phases associated with rotation and acceleration are independently extracted, tracked across multiple fringes, and actively compensated through Raman frequency modulation. This closed-loop scheme enables unambiguous measurements up to ±1 ∘/s\pm1\,\mathrm{^{\circ}/s}±1∘/s in rotation and ±0.17 g\pm0.17\,\mathrm{g}±0.17g in acceleration while maintaining high fringe contrast, corresponding to nearly two orders-of-magnitude extension beyond the conventional half-fringe limit. The sensor achieves a long-term stability of 4×10−4 ∘/h4\times10^{-4}\,\mathrm{^{\circ}/h}4×10−4∘/h for rotation and 4 μg4\,\mathrm{μg}4μg for acceleration at an averaging time of 1000 s1000\,\mathrm{s}1000s. By converting the intrinsically periodic interferometric response into stabilized phase-encoded inertial channels, this work establishes a new operating regime for atomic beam interferometry and advances matter-wave sensors toward practical quantum inertial navigation under dynamic conditions.
A dual-atom-interferometer gyroscope has high sensitivity for accurate rotation measurements because of its immunity to common-mode noise. However, a measurement error is induced as the common phase noise, e.g., vibration noise, increases. In this work, we demonstrated a real-time compensation (RTC) scheme to improve the accuracy of measurements of the differential phase in dual atom interferometers. The vibration noise was measured by two seismometers and its induced phase shift was fed back to the Raman lasers after this shift was calculated based on the sensitivity function of the atom interferometers. After the RTC module was applied, the interference signals obtained via the square modulation method were stabilized at their midfringe points, which caused the vibration-induced phase noise for each of the atom interferometers to decrease from 495 mrad to 165 mrad. The differential phase error obtained by the dual atom interferometers and two seismometers was reduced from 114.8 mrad to 49.6 mrad, which implies that the rotation measurement error was improved by a factor of 2.3. This work paves the way to accurately measuring the rotation signal and has promising applications in fields of precision measurements.
Light-pulsed atomic interferometers provide a promising quantum-based solution for inertial navigation applications. In this paper, we present an atomic interferometric inertial sensor designed to simultaneously measure rotation rate and acceleration, through continuous sampling using dual87Rb atomic beams as matter-wave sources. We observe Raman-Ramsey and Raman-Mach-Zehnder interferences and validate the inertial sensing capability by comparing the results with a classical quartz accelerometer and an optical-fiber gyroscope. Our work can serve as a foundational element for the development of a fully quantum inertial measurement unit characterized with a high data rate and large bandwidth.
Abstract In closed-loop dual-atom interferometers, the initial phase shift is a non-inertial phase induced by Raman pulses. This initial optical phase affects the measurements of both acceleration and rotation rate. In this study, we present a method to modulate the initial optical phase of light pulse atom interferometers (LPAIs). Employing this modulation method, we investigated the influence of the initial optical phase on a closed-loop dual-atom interferometer. The results reveal a better short-term sensitivity in the rotation rate measurement at an initial optical phase of 0. Our closed-loop dual-atom interferometer allows for decoupled measurements of rotation rate and acceleration. With a short interrogation time of 2T = 1.73 ms, the short-term sensitivities of the rotation rate and acceleration measurements are 2.73 × 10 − 5 ( rad / s ) / Hz and 272 μ g / Hz , respectively.