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Physical Review Applied

Backscattering-immune optomechanical entanglement in a whispering-gallery-mode resonator

Bo Zhao, Mei‐Rong Wei, Qi Guo

Published Feb 24, 2025• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose how to achieve a backscattering-immune quantum system containing a cavity with defects. We find that, by placing a nanoparticle in the evanescent field of the whispering-gallery-mode resonator with proper relative position and size, the impact of backscattering induced by the defect can be almost eliminated completely. This makes it possible to realize backscattering immunity for both quantum entanglement and classical information transmission. We also show that both the degree of optomechanical entanglement and the transmissivity of the resonator can be manipulated by tuning the relative position of the nanoparticle. This work provides insights into the protection and manipulation of quantum and classical resources, which is meaningful for building noise-tolerant optomechanical quantum processors, achieving ideal quantum precision measurements and backscattering-immune integrated quantum photonic circuits.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.23.024061

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We propose a theoretical project in which quantum squeezing induces quantum entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in a coupled whispering-gallery-mode optomechanical system. Through pumping the χ (2) -nonlinear resonator with the phase matching condition, the generated squeezed resonator mode and the mechanical mode of the optomechanical resonator can generate strong quantum entanglement and EPR steering, where the squeezing of the nonlinear resonator plays the vital role. The transitions from zero entanglement to strong entanglement and one-way steering to two-way steering can be realized by adjusting the system parameters appropriately. The photon-photon entanglement and steering between the two resonators can also be obtained by deducing the amplitude of the driving laser. Our project does not need an extraordinarily squeezed field, and it is convenient to manipulate and provides a novel and flexible avenue for diverse applications in quantum technology dependent on both optomechanical and photon-photon entanglement and steering.
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The dynamics of the optomechanical entanglement between optical cavity field modes and a macroscopic mechanical breathing mode in a whispering-gallery cavity as well as the continuous variable entanglement between the phase-quadrature amplitudes of the two whispering-gallery modes have been analysed. Simulated results indicate that under state-of-the-art experimental conditions, optomechanical entanglement is obvious and can occur even at temperatures of above 40 K. Compared with the entanglement of the mechanical oscillator at the ground state temperature, optomechanical entanglement is more intense by several orders of magnitude.
We propose how to achieve nonreciprocal quantum entanglement of light and motion and reveal its counterintuitive robustness against random losses. We find that by splitting the counterpropagating lights of a spinning resonator via the Sagnac effect, photons and phonons can be entangled strongly in a chosen direction but fully uncorrelated in the other. This makes it possible both to realize quantum nonreciprocity even in the absence of any classical nonreciprocity and also to achieve significant entanglement revival against backscattering losses in practical devices. Our work provides a way to protect and engineer quantum resources by utilizing diverse nonreciprocal devices, for building noise-tolerant quantum processors, realizing chiral networks, and backaction-immune quantum sensors.
Abstract Unidirectional propagation of photons originated from perfect chirality meets the critical requirement for building a high-performance quantum network. However, it not only requires that the circular dipole emitter is precisely located at points of circularly polarized electric fields, which leads to non-reciprocal interactions for photons with opposite propagation directions, but also the light-emitter interaction strength should be strong enough to guarantee a π phase shift. Unfortunately, these perfect chirality points are scarce and accessible points with elliptically polarized fields result in non-ideal photon-emitter chiral interactions and emitters radiating photons bidirectionally. Meanwhile, reflection properties, phase shifts, and non-reciprocal interactions are sensitive to frequency detunings and dissipations. Here, without engineering the dipole and optimizing the distribution of the field, a scatter such as a nanotip placed at the evanescent field of a whispering gallery mode resonator (WGMR) is adopted to control the transporting properties of single photons under non-ideal chiral interactions. By properly adjusting the relative position between the nanotip and the atom or the overlap between the nanotip and the mode volume of the WGMR, amplitudes of reflected photons in different pathways are changed. Consequently, complete destructive interference appears and thus no photons are reflected. The corresponding phase shifts of π and non-reciprocal interactions are guaranteed simultaneously. Significantly, the perfect chirality reconstructed here is robust against frequency detunings and dissipations. Therefore, the atom-WGMR-nanotip structure can be regarded as a compound chiral atom with radiating photons in only one direction.