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Optics and Lasers in Engineering

High sensitivity detuned single-light-source orthogonal pump-probe SERF atomic magnetometer

Yuhao Wang, Ying Liu, Ziqian Yue, Shudong Lin, Ziqi Yuan, Yueyang Zhai, Junjian Tang

Published Feb 10, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.108866

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Miniaturized high-sensitivity atomic magnetometers play a crucial role in biomagnetic measurements. The utilization of multipass cells enhances the sensitivity of atomic magnetometers. This study explores the benefits of employing a multipass cell in spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometers through theoretical and experimental analysis. A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) model was established by accounting for the optimal detuning frequency of the probe light and low-frequency 1/f noise. This enabled the optimal number of probe light passes through the vapor cell to be determined. Additionally, compact and symmetric reflective optical paths were designed to mitigate polarization gradients in atomic magnetometers with high atomic number density. Experimental results confirmed that the magnetic field sensitivity of the triple-pass configuration (1.8 fT/Hz1/2^{1/2}1/2) was 1.89 times that of the single-pass configuration (3.4 fT/Hz1/2^{1/2}1/2), consistent with the theoretical analysis. This study provides valuable theoretical guidance for analyzing the SNR performance of SERF atomic magnetometers and demonstrates the potential of multipass cells in enhancing their magnetic field sensitivity. The utilization of multipass cells presents a viable approach toward the realization of highly sensitive and portable miniaturized SERF atomic magnetometers.
The SERF atomic magnetometer is nowadays the most sensitive equipment for magnetic field measurement. As used in triaxial magnetic field measurements, however, the weak interaction of the polarized atoms with the magnetic field in the pump light direction results in low sensitivity in that direction. To solve this issue, a single-beam orthogonal pumping triaxial atomic magnetometer based on a double-cell structure is demonstrated. In this paper, we use a beam-splitter to split the pumping light beam equally, so that the proposed triaxial atomic magnetometer can respond to magnetic fields in all three axes simultaneously, and with no sacrifice in sensitivity. The experiments have shown that the magnetometer has a sensitivity of 46fT/Hz1/2on the x-axis, 32fT/Hz1/2on the y-axis, and 40fT/Hz1/2on the z-axis. This magnetometer has great potential for applications where the three components of the magnetic field need to be measured.