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Laser Physics Letters

Preparation of quantum correlated states via fission of chirped vector solitons

Andrey Ivanovich Konyukhov, Julia G. Konyukhova, Leonid A. Melnikov

Published Dec 17, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We propose a new approach to generate quantum-correlated pulse pairs using fission of chirped Manakov solitons. Quantum correlations are studied using linearized quantum fluctuation theory. The fission of chirped solitons produces both intra-pulse and inter-pulse high-level correlations. We found that the collision of vector solitons induces nonzero correlations in orthogonal polarization components of the pulse field. The fission of solitons and subsequent collision of the resulting pulses allow a pulse train with complex correlation pattern to be produced. The generation of pulses with correlated quantum fluctuations offers the possibility of engineering new entangled sources for continuous-variable quantum communication and computation.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/ad9d25

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Abstract We propose a new approach to generate quantum-correlated pulse pairs using fission of chirped Manakov solitons. Quantum correlations are studied using linearized quantum fluctuation theory. The fission of chirped solitons produces both intra-pulse and inter-pulse high-level correlations. We found that the collision of vector solitons induces nonzero correlations in orthogonal polarization components of the pulse field. The fission of solitons and subsequent collision of the resulting pulses allow a pulse train with complex correlation pattern to be produced. The generation of pulses with correlated quantum fluctuations offers the possibility of engineering new entangled sources for continuous-variable quantum communication and computation.
Quantum correlations play a prominent role in numerous applications, from quantum communications and networking to enhanced sensing. I propose using optical soliton splitting and inelastic soliton collision to generate pulse pairs with highly correlated photon number fluctuations. The fluctuations are studied using the linearized quantum fluctuation theory of vector solitons. I show that the interpulse correlations arise in the process of inelastic soliton interactions initiated by the polarization mode dispersion and modulation of the fiber dispersion. The inelastic soliton interactions produce pulses with highly correlated quantum fluctuations in the orthogonal polarization components of the field. In the time domain, the pulses have a four-lobe correlation pattern. In the frequency domain, the correlation functions acquire a ``checkerboard'' structure with alternating positive and negative regions. Correlations between the separated pulses arise only with appropriate pulse width, group velocity dispersion, and polarization mode dispersion. The generation of pulses with high intrapulse correlations offers the possibility of producing entangled sources for continuous-variable quantum communication and computation.
Two simple schemes for generating macroscopic (many-photon) continuous-variable entangled states by means of continuous interactions (rather than collisions) between solitons in optical fibers are proposed. First, quantum fluctuations around two time-separated single-component temporal solitons are considered. Almost perfect correlation between the photon-number fluctuations can be achieved after passing a certain distance, with a suitable initial separation between the solitons. The photon-number correlation can also be achieved in a pair of vectorial solitons with two polarization components. In the latter case, the photon-number-entangled pulses can be easily separated by a polarization beam splitter. These results offer possibilities to produce entangled sources for quantum communication and computation.
Abstract We consider the squeezing and correlation of quantum fluctuations in pulse pairs arising due to soliton fission in dispersion oscillating fibers. The dispersion oscillation acts as a time-domain pulse splitter. After the split, the pulses interact via their tails and acquire nonzero correlations. We analyze the correlation pattern using Karhunen–Loève mode expansion. The regime of high intrapulse and interpulse correlations can be described using single Karhunen–Loève mode. The regime with partial pulse-to-pulse correlation requires to take into account at least two Karhunen–Loève modes. We found that the soliton fission in dispersion oscillating fibers allows to generate squeezed states with highly correlated fluctuations in the output pulses.
We consider soliton fission in a dispersion oscillating fiber. The second-order soliton splits into two identical pulses propagating at different group velocities. Using a back–propagation method we calculate photon-number correlation and squeezing ratio for photon-number fluctuations. With the appropriate modulation period, the correlation function reaches maximum values directly after the split of the soliton and maintains with the further propagation of the pulses. The squeezing ratio increases with the pulse propagation length. Dispersion oscillating fibers offer the possibility of producing entangled sources for quantum communication and computation.
Quantum correlations in pairs and arrays (trains) of bound solitons modeled by the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) are calculated numerically, on the basis of linearized equations for quantum fluctuations. We find strong correlations between the bound solitons, even though the system is dissipative. Some degree of the correlation between the photon-number fluctuations of stable bound soliton pairs and trains is attained and saturates after passing a certain distance. The saturation of the photon-number correlations is explained by the action of nonconservative terms in the CGLE. Photon-number-correlated bound soliton trains offer possibilities to produce multipartite entangled sources for quantum communication and computation.
A fully quantum mechanical model of two-component Manakov solitons is developed in both the Heisenberg and Schr\"odinger representations, followed by an analytical, linearized quantum theory of Manakov solitons in the Heisenberg picture. This theory is used to analyze the vacuum-induced fluctuations of Manakov soliton propagation and collision. The vacuum fluctuations induce phase diffusion and dispersion in Manakov soliton propagation. Calculations of the position, polarization angle, and polarization state fluctuations show an increase in collision-induced noise with a decrease in the relative velocity between the two solitons, as expected because of an increase in the interaction length. Fluctuations in both the polarization angle and state are shown to be independent of propagation distance, opening up possibilities for communications, switching, and logic, exploiting these properties of Manakov solitons. Calculations of the phase noise reveal, surprisingly, that the collision-induced fluctuations can be reduced slightly below the level of fluctuations in the absence of collision, due to cross-correlation effects between the collision-induced phase and amplitude fluctuations of the soliton. The squeezing effect of Manakov solitons is also studied and proven, unexpectedly, to have the same theoretical optimum as scalar solitons.