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Physica Scripta

Giant lateral shift in single mode cavity containing four-level sodium atomic medium

Abbas Ghaffar, Rashid Ahmad, Arif Ullah, Inzimam Ul Haq

Published Oct 15, 2024• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this work, a four-level sodium atomic medium coupled to a single mode cavity is used to investigate the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift. Using collective phase of the control fields and intensity of Rabi oscillation, the positive as well as negative GH-shift in transmission and reflection beams are examined. In the transmission beam, a maximum GH-shift of ±6λ is observed. Furthermore, GH-shift in both reflection and transmission beams in a four-level sodium atomic medium is significantly enhanced by photon number density as well as by the cavity coupling strength. By varying the collective phase of the control fields and the probe field frequency, GH-shift in reflection exhibits a maximum value of ±2λ. Our findings may open up significant applications in micro-optics, sensers, photonic crystals and nano processor technology.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ad8705

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Abstract In this work, a four-level sodium atomic medium coupled to a single mode cavity is used to investigate the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift. Using collective phase of the control fields and intensity of Rabi oscillation, the positive as well as negative GH-shift in transmission and reflection beams are examined. In the transmission beam, a maximum GH-shift of ±6λ is observed. Furthermore, GH-shift in both reflection and transmission beams in a four-level sodium atomic medium is significantly enhanced by photon number density as well as by the cavity coupling strength. By varying the collective phase of the control fields and the probe field frequency, GH-shift in reflection exhibits a maximum value of ±2λ. Our findings may open up significant applications in micro-optics, sensers, photonic crystals and nano processor technology.
The susceptibility of a two-level atomic medium enclosed in a cavity is controlled and modified by a control driving field and cavity coupling. The susceptibility of the medium is related to the dielectric function, and reflection & transmission coefficients. The transmission and reflection coefficients are related to Goos–Hänchen Shifts in the reflection and transmission beam. Negative and positive lateral GH-shifts, and Giant shifts in the transmission and reflection beams are investigated under the effect of cavity coupling and Kerr nonlinearity. A giant shift of 2000λ in the reflection and 1000λ in the transmission beam is calculated. It is clear that both modified Giant shifts and lateral shifts are influenced by changes in the refractive index. So it will have potential applications in sensing and trapping of the optical data. The controlled and considerably enhanced GH shift show the importance of utilizing the proposed scheme for the construction of optical sensors and optical devices.
In this work, we investigate the manipulation of the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts, referring to the lateral displacement of light beams at planar interfaces, in a global sodium atomic vapor medium by utilizing its tunable optical characteristics under the coherent control fields and the variable incident angles (0.6rad≤θ≤0.8rad). We achieve this by accurately manipulating probe detuning and control field intensities using a technique called 'electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)'. EIT is a quantum interference effect that makes a medium transparent to a probe beam. By combining a near-resonant probe beam with transitions in the sodium atoms [D₂ line (5S1/2​→5P3/2)​], we obtain remarkable amplification of absorption, reflection, and transmission with spatially shifted beams that present up to ±4λ bidirectional GH shifts in reflection and ±2λ in transmission. The non-ideal normalization condition (∣T∣2+∣R∣2+∣A∣2<1) results from the redistribution of energy due to these shifts and indicates that established efficiency bounds no longer apply in coherent media. The GH-shifted beams astonishingly also maintain uniform intensity profiles at large displacements. Here, then, angular-dependent reflection pivots peak around critical angles, and transmission shifts are dynamically tunable, all emphasizing the atomic susceptibility gradients as key shapers for beam steering. These observations reveal unprecedented promise in applications, such as super-precision optical measurement, sub-wavelength displacement detection, and refractive index measurement, thus making sodium atomic vapors a tunable platform for advanced photonic devices with unique and high sensitivity. Keywords: Goos-Hänchen shift, Sodium atomic vapor, Atomic coherence, Beam displacement sensing, Optical susceptibility modulation
The behavior of the Goos-Hanchen (GH) shifts in the reflected and transmitted light beam which is incident on a cavity containing an intracavity medium of three-level or four-level atoms with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is discussed. We report a coherent control of the GH shift in a fixed configuration or device via superluminal and subluminal wave propagation. For superluminal wave propagation, we observe negative GH shifts in the reflected part of the incident light whereas the shifts are positive in the transmitted light beam. This corresponds to the negative group index of the cavity in the former case and positive group index of the cavity in the latter. For subluminal wave propagation, the behavior of the GH shifts in the reflected light changes and positive shifts appear
Abstract Birefringence of lateral Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift in reflection and transmission beams are investigated through four level chiral atomic medium. Significant positive and negative shifts in reflection and transmission birefringence beams are reported under the strength of driving fields. At resonance point, positive birefringent shifts of 2.8 λ and 2 λ are noted in reflection beams. The birefringence lateral GH-shift in transmission beams show contrast behaviors of −2 λ and −2.8 λ at resonance point. A 30% fractional change in birefringent reflection and transmission beams with GH-shift are investigated. These results will play a vital role in the modification of optical heterodyne sensors technology, cloaking devices, image coding, integrated optical technologies and telecom industry.
The influence of spontaneous generated coherence (SGC) on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift in the reflected light is presented. A weak probe light is incident on a cavity containing three-level gaseous atomic medium consist of 85Rb atoms. The atom–field interaction follows electromagnetically induced transparency configuration, and the SGC modifies the dispersion and absorption properties of a system [Y. Niu and S. Gong, Phys. Rev. A 73, 053811 (2006)]. The SGC enhances the Kerr nonlinearity which leads to giant negative and positive GH shifts in the reflected light. Further, the control of negative and positive GH shifts is achieved via manipulation of probe field detuning.
Abstract This study explores the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift phenomenon within a cavity hosting a V-type three-level atomic system, engaged with two independent broadband squeezed baths. Our exploration encompasses a thorough analysis of the lateral shifts in both reflected and transmitted light beams, with a focus on the impact of critical factors, i.e, coupling field strength, incoherent pumping field strength, and squeezed vacuum intensity. Our results reveal an interplay of these parameters, resulting in distinctive negative and positive GH shifts in both reflected and transmitted light. In addition, a remarkable enhancement of GH shifts at specific angles of incidence is observed, presenting a wide-ranging modulation across diverse system parameters. This study not only enriches the understanding of the GH shift in complex atomic systems but also highlights the potential for the manipulation of these lateral shifts by fine-tuning key variables of the system, and contributes valuable insights to the broader field of optical phenomena in quantum systems.