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Physical Review A

Differential polarizability of the strontium intercombination transition at 1064.7 nm

Romaric Journet, F. Faisant, Sanghyeop Lee, Marc Cheneau

Published Sep 23, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The authors present measurements of the scalar, vector, and tensor components of the differential dynamic polarizability of the strontium intercombination transition at 1064.7 nm, which is highly relevant for the engineering of optical trapping potentials. They also identify a magic ellipticity of the polarization where the differential polarizability vanishes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.032819

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The authors present measurements of the scalar, vector, and tensor components of the differential dynamic polarizability of the strontium intercombination transition at 1064.7 nm, which is highly relevant for the engineering of optical trapping potentials. They also identify a magic ellipticity of the polarization where the differential polarizability vanishes.
We measure the scalar, vector and tensor components of the differential dynamic polarizability of the strontium intercombination transition at 1064 nm. We compare the experimental values with the theoretical prediction based on the most recently published spectroscopic data, and find a very good agreement. We also identify a close-to-circular `magic' polarization where the differential polarizability strictly vanishes, and precisely determine its ellipticity. Our work opens new perspectives for laser cooling optically trapped strontium atoms, and provides a new benchmark for atomic models in the near infrared spectral range.
Predicting magic wavelengths accurately requires precise knowledge of electric dipole matrix elements of nearby atomic transitions. As a result, measurements of magic wavelengths allow us to test theoretical predictions for the matrix elements that frequently cannot be probed by any other methods. Here, we calculate and measure a magic wavelength near 473 nm of the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{-}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}{P}_{1}$ intercombination transition of 88Sr^{88}\mathrm{Sr}88Sr. Experimentally, we find 473.371(6) nm for $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}m=0$ ($\ensuremath{\pi}$ transition) and 473.117(15) nm for $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}m=\ensuremath{-}1$ (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ transition). Theoretical calculations yield 473.375(22) and 473.145(20) nm, respectively. Determining magic wavelengths nearby the dominant 461-nm probe transition of 88Sr^{88}\mathrm{Sr}88Sr holds promise for state insensitive interfacing of strontium atoms and nanophotonic devices with a narrow band of operating wavelengths. Furthermore, the 3P1^{3}{P}_{1}3P1​ polarizability is dominated by the contributions to the 5p23P5{p}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P5p23P levels, and excellent agreement of theory and experiment validates both theoretical values of these matrix elements and estimates of their uncertainties.
A modification to a successfull technique to measure static differential polarizabilities of ultracold atoms and molecules is presented. Ultracold atoms are trapped in a magic wavelength optical lattice and transported into the field of a precision capacitor. The change of the transition frequency induced by the applied field, which is controlled to better than 10-4, is measured. For atomic clocks, the difference of the static polarizabilies of ground and excited state is closely related to their response to a blackbody radiation field, which is a significant contribution to the uncertainty budget of many atomic clocks.
We report experimental measurements of the dynamical polarizability of dysprosium, at a wavelength of 532 nm. We measure all three components (scalar, vector, and tensor) of the anisotropic polarizability for the ground and the excited manifolds of the intercombination transition of Dy at 626 nm. The apparatus on which the measurements are performed is presented. We obtain with this setup imaging of single Dy atoms with fidelity above 99% and losses below 2.5% induced by imaging. We then describe the methods used to extract the polarizability. In particular, we combine a measurement of trap frequency and trap depth on single atoms in optical tweezers, allowing us to obtain a measurement of the ground-state polarizability free of errors in trap waist calibration. The obtained values give a magic condition between two Zeeman states in the ground and excited manifolds, which is used to image single atoms in optical tweezer arrays. The scalar polarizability of the ground state is in disagreement with theoretical expectations, calling for future investigations to resolve the discrepancy.
Optical lattice clocks of fermionic strontium offer a versatile platform for probing fundamental physics and developing quantum technologies. The bivalent electronic structure of strontium gives rise to a doubly forbidden atomic transition that is accessible due to hyperfine mixing in fermionic strontium-87, thus resulting in a submillihertz natural linewidth. Currently, the most accurate optical lattice clocks operate on this narrow transition by tightly trapping strontium-87 atoms in a optical lattice at 813 nm. Magic wavelengths occur where the Stark shifts of both the ground and excited states are equal, thus eliminating any position- and intensity-dependent broadening of the corresponding transition. Theoretical calculations of the electronic structure of strontium-87 have also predicted another magic wavelength of the clock transition at 497.01(57) nm. In this work, we experimentally measure the magic wavelength to be 497.4364(4) nm. Compared to the 813-nm magic wavelength, 497 nm is closer to the strong 461-nm dipolar transition of strontium, resulting in an order-of-magnitude increase in atomic polarizability and deeper traps with less optical power. The proximity to the 461-nm transition also leads to an enhanced sensitivity of 334(10) Hz/(nm E R ) at the magic wavelength.