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Advanced Quantum Technologies

A Quantum Image Secret Sharing Scheme Based on Designated Multi‐Verifier Signature

Ye Wang, Guang‐Bao Xu, Dong‐Huan Jiang

Published Sep 18, 2024• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract This paper presents a quantum image secret sharing scheme based on designated multi‐verifier signature. First, share images are generated by a 2D hyperchaotic system incorporating sinusoidal mapping, Henon mapping, and Cubic mapping using the cascade modulation method. Quantum Arnold scrambling and diffusion are performed on the secret image. Subsequently, the concept of designated multi‐verifier signature is introduced. In the secret image sharing phase, the pixel values of the share images are used to sign the secret image, and the signed secret image and share images are sent to a trusted third party and designated verifiers, respectively. In this scheme, no carrier images are required, and the share images held by the participants do not contain any information about the secret image. Finally, simulation experiments and security analysis are conducted on IBM Qiskit platform and Matlab software.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202400267

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Abstract This paper presents a quantum image secret sharing scheme based on designated multi‐verifier signature. First, share images are generated by a 2D hyperchaotic system incorporating sinusoidal mapping, Henon mapping, and Cubic mapping using the cascade modulation method. Quantum Arnold scrambling and diffusion are performed on the secret image. Subsequently, the concept of designated multi‐verifier signature is introduced. In the secret image sharing phase, the pixel values of the share images are used to sign the secret image, and the signed secret image and share images are sent to a trusted third party and designated verifiers, respectively. In this scheme, no carrier images are required, and the share images held by the participants do not contain any information about the secret image. Finally, simulation experiments and security analysis are conducted on IBM Qiskit platform and Matlab software.
Most of the classical designated verifier signature schemes are insecure against quantum adversary. In this paper, a quantum signature scheme for the designated verifier is proposed. In our scheme, during the initialization phase, the partners share secret keys by performing the quantum key distribution protocol. On the other hand, by performing the quantum direct communication protocol, the key generator center shares secret keys with the signer and the designated verifier, respectively. The key generator center generates a particle sequence of Bell state and distributes the particles between the signer and the designated verifier. During the signature generation phase, the signer encrypts the particle sequence by the secret keys and Hardmard operators. After that, the signer performs the controlled unitary operations on the encrypted particle sequence so as to generate the quantum signature. The designated verifier can simulate the quantum signature by performing the same symmetric signing steps as that performed by the original signer. Hence, the quantum signature signed by the true signer is the same as the one simulated by the receiver, which makes our scheme possess the designated properties. During the signature verification phase, the designated verifier performs the controlled unitary operations on the quantum signature and obtains the quantum ciphertexts. After that, the designated verifier decrypts the quantum ciphertexts by the symmetric secret keys and Hardmard operators so that the quantum signature can be verified. Our signature is secure against forgery attack, inter-resending attacks and Trojan horse attack. Because the trace distance between the density operators of different quantum signatures is zero, the information-theoretical security of our quantum signature scheme can be proved. The unconditionally secure quantum key distribution protocol and the one-time pad encryption algorithm can guarantee the security of the secret keys shared by the partners. What is more, the security assumption about the key generation center is weak. That is, it is not necessary to assume that the key generation center should be fully trusted. On the other hand, in our scheme, the quantum one-way function is not used. To generate a quantum signature, the signer need not prepare for entangled particle sequence. To verify a quantum signature, the verifier need not apply any state comparison to the received particles. The qubit efficiency is 100%. Therefore, our scheme has the advantages in the security and efficiency over the other quantum signature schemes for the designated verifier.
Abstract Quantum secret sharing as a privacy‐preserving scheme necessitating collaborative efforts from all participating users to collectively recover encrypted information. This paper introduces a novel dynamic multi‐party to multi‐party quantum secret sharing protocol based on Bell states, enabling secure sharing of secrets among dynamically changing multi‐party. The protocol innovatively employs Bell states combined with simplified local unitary operations, significantly reducing the complexity and enhancing the scalability of practical implementations in quantum communication systems. Particularly, through simulation using IBM's Qiskit framework, its correctness and practicality are confirmed. Security analysis demonstrates that the protocol effectively withstands common attack methods, providing reliability, and security in quantum communication. This research presents a more flexible and efficient solution in the field of quantum secret sharing.
Summary This study presents a quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocol designed using Grover's search algorithm in a noisy environment. The proposed protocol utilizes Grover's three‐particle quantum state. The proposed scheme is divided into secret information sharing and eavesdropping checking. The dealer prepares an encoded state by encoding the classical information as a marked state and shares the states' qubits between three participants. Using the amplitude‐damping noise and the phase‐damping noise as conventional noisy channels, it can be demonstrated that secret information can be conveyed between participants with some information lost. The security analysis shows the scheme is stringent against malicious participants or eavesdroppers. The simulation analysis is done on the cloud platform IBM‐QE thereby showing the practical feasibility of the scheme. Finally, an application of the proposed scheme is demonstrated in visual cryptography using the GNEQR representation of images.
Abstract We propose a quantum designated verifier multi- signature (QDVMS) scheme. In this scheme, multiple users can generate a valid signature by simultaneously signing the original message, and the designated verifier holds the exclusive capability to verify the signature’s validity. This scheme applies locally indistinguishable orthogonal product states to generate signatures, simplifying the preparation process in contrast to entangled states. Furthermore, our scheme does not require quantum one- way functions (QOWF), quantum state swapping tests (SWAP), or entangled states, which enhances its practicality and efficiency. Additionally, the absence of a third party (TP) in the entire process enhances the scheme’s security. The security analysis and comparisons with similar schemes indicate that our QDVMS scheme satisfies the security properties of DVS, and achieves information- theoretical security. Moreover, it offers higher efficiency and robust resistance against diverse attacks.
In this paper, we propose a novel quantum secret image-sharing scheme which constructs m quantum secret images into m +1 quantum share images. A chaotic image generated by the logistic map is utilized to assist in the construction of quantum share images first. The chaotic image and secret images are expressed as quantum image representation by using the novel enhanced quantum representation. To enhance the confidentiality, quantum secret images are scrambled into disordered images through the Arnold transform. Then the quantum share images are constructed by performing a series of quantum swap operations and quantum controlled-NOT operations. Because all quantum operations are invertible, the original quantum secret images can be reconstructed by performing a series of inverse operations. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation proved both the security and low computational complexity of the scheme, which has outperformed its classical counterparts. It also provides quantum circuits for sharing and recovery processes.
Quantum signature has become a hot topic in the current research of digital signature schemes due to its unconditional security. As a special kind of digital signature, ring signatures are frequently employed in practical situations because of their superior anonymity. In this work, we propose a quantum ring signature scheme based on secret sharing that does not use entanglement states. To guarantee the complete security of the participants’ secret keys, the idea of secret sharing is incorporated into the quantum key distribution process during the key distribution stage. Each ring member contributes his private key share to the final verification formula through a recursive relationship throughout the signing and verification phases, and the verifier can utilize his private key share along with the user’s public key to confirm the ring members’ authenticity; The [Formula: see text]-AS2U hash function is used to encrypt the ring signer’s identity during the entire signature process, which assures the signer’s identity’s complete anonymity, effectively protects the signer’s privacy, and is more in line with practical requirements.