Abstract The crazy, unconscious use of the Internet, and the increase in cybercrime and hacking, which resulted in the loss of a large number of sensitive data, the risk of piracy, etc. were the motivation for protecting rights, securing and hiding essential information such as images, audio, etc. Watermarking was a popular security, copyright and privacy approach and one of the problems in modern quantum digital computing that produced more powerful quantum protection techniques than the classical one that used classical techniques such as digital wavelet transformation and Hungarian algorithms. Recent advances in quantum image representation and processing help to manipulate data hidden. This paper proposes a new watermark technique in which a color watermark image is hidden within another color-carrying image after transformation into the quantum domain using the recently completed quantum color image representation technique. Finally, a comparison is made between the proposed method and the most recent watermarking techniques is establish in terms of PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio), which shows the high precision of the proposed technique and improves the imperceptibility compared to the related schemes.
Abstract The crazy, unconscious use of the Internet, and the increase in cybercrime and hacking, which resulted in the loss of a large number of sensitive data, the risk of piracy, etc. were the motivation for protecting rights, securing and hiding essential information such as images, audio, etc. Watermarking was a popular security, copyright and privacy approach and one of the problems in modern quantum digital computing that produced more powerful quantum protection techniques than the classical one that used classical techniques such as digital wavelet transformation and Hungarian algorithms. Recent advances in quantum image representation and processing help to manipulate data hidden. This paper proposes a new watermark technique in which a color watermark image is hidden within another color-carrying image after transformation into the quantum domain using the recently completed quantum color image representation technique. Finally, a comparison is made between the proposed method and the most recent watermarking techniques is establish in terms of PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio), which shows the high precision of the proposed technique and improves the imperceptibility compared to the related schemes.
The development of future technology allows the transfer of information transmission in quantum form to be more widely used. However, research related to data security is still in progress and is limited so that it can provide greater potential for data theft with quantum technology. One of them is the theft of visual information data (image). Thus, we need a data security system that can protect image information in quantum computing. Quantum image watermarking is a data security technique by inserting a watermark that aims to protect property rights for multimedia products, such as images. This study proposes a quantum image watermarking scheme based on (Least Significant Bits) LSB for copyright protection for color images. In the embedding process, the watermark image is inserted into the cover image using the LSB method, then transformed into a quantum state. In the receiver, the quantum value detection is carried out on the watermarked image to extract back the watermark that has been inserted. From simulation result, the quantum watermarking system obtains high imperceptibility, the watermark robustness to Pauli-X and Pauli-Controlled-NOT (CNOT) noise and high watermark payload.
Abstract Quantum watermarking is a technique to embed specific information, usually the owner’s identification, into quantum cover data such for copyright protection purposes. In this paper, a new scheme for quantum watermarking based on quantum wavelet transforms is proposed which includes scrambling, embedding and extracting procedures. The invisibility and robustness performances of the proposed watermarking method is confirmed by simulation technique. The invisibility of the scheme is examined by the peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the histogram calculation. Furthermore the robustness of the scheme is analyzed by the Bit Error Rate (BER) and the Correlation Two-Dimensional (Corr 2-D) calculation. The simulation results indicate that the proposed watermarking scheme indicate not only acceptable visual quality but also a good resistance against different types of attack.
Computational methods derived from digital signal processing are playing a significant role in the security and copyrights of audio, video, and visual arts. In light of the quantum computing, the corresponding algorithms are becoming a new research direction in today's high-technology world. The nature of quantum computer guarantees the security of quantum data, so a safe and effective quantum watermarking algorithm is in demand. Quantum watermarking is the technique that embeds the invisible quantum signal into quantum multimedia data for copyright protection. Different from most traditional algorithms, we propose new algorithms which apply a quantum or a pseudo quantum watermarking in M-band wavelet domain. Assured by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and quantum no-cloning theorem, the security of quantum watermark can reach a very high-level standard. In other words, these watermarking algorithms can defeat nearly all attackers, no matter using classical computer or quantum computer.
Quantum Watermarking (QWM) is an emerging field that combines quantum information theory with digital watermarking techniques to enhance the security of digital content. By leveraging quantum properties such as superposition, entanglement, and the no-cloning theorem, QWM provides robust protection against unauthorised access, tampering, and duplication—offering a significant advantage over classical methods. As the volume and value of digital data grow, the need for advanced intellectual property protection becomes increasingly vital, making QWM a promising approach to next-generation data security. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the theoretical foundations of QWM, its core principles, and various classification methods based on quantum states, embedding techniques, and application domains such as authentication, copyright protection, and tamper detection. It also explores the mathematical models underlying QWM, including quantum state representations and error correction protocols, along with recent advances in experimental validations. Despite its potential, QWM faces challenges such as noise sensitivity, scalability limitations, and high computational resource requirements. Issues related to secure key management and implementation vulnerabilities also remain. Nevertheless, this review aims to serve as a foundational reference for researchers and practitioners, highlighting the promise of QWM in reshaping digital content security, particularly in sensitive domains like digital forensics and healthcare.
The paper presents a novel hybrid quantum water-marking method designed to enhance the security and robustness of digital media protection. The proposed scheme integrates a two-step encryption process, achieving high security while pre-serving quality. Key features include classical LSB substitution, quantum chaos matrix, and an improved quantum representation, offering superior resistance to attacks. By combining spatial and transform domain encryption, the method overcomes vulner-abilities in singular value decomposition, enhancing robustness and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Compared to the latest developments-such as sinusoidal-tent map, multi-scale pattern-based quantum text watermarking (MPQTW), maximum pixel difference, tri-way pixel, and NEQR with Quantum Majority Finder (QMF)-the proposed approach shows an average PSNR improvement of approximately 20 % and a significant reduction in Bit Error Rate (BER) by 15.41 %. Additionally, the method demonstrates strong resistance to various attack types with a correlation two-dimensional (Corr 2D) value near 1, such as 0.994 against salt and pepper noise attacks. These results highlight a significant advancement in quantum watermarking technology, balancing improved perceptual quality, security, and robustness.
Abstract Quantum image processing, which merges classical image processing techniques with quantum computing, provides exceptional storage capacity and unparalleled parallel computing power. In this study, we present a quantum color image watermarking scheme that employs quantum error correction codes to address issues such as pixel loss and image distortion during watermark embedding and extraction. By utilizing the least significant bit method to embed the color values of the watermark image into those of the carrier image, we improve the scheme’s robustness. We also address the error correction capabilities of channel coding for phase-flip errors and follow the majority principle, resulting in more accurate extraction of the watermark image’s color and enhancing the watermarking scheme’s reliability and integrity. Our experimental simulations demonstrate that the proposed watermarking scheme boasts high security, strong robustness, and excellent concealment.